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Crtical Writings on Islam in Malayalam

            AÃm-lphpw IpÀ-B\pw

                       1. IpÀ-B-\nse bpàn-hm-Z-coXn
      IpÀ-B³ shdpw Hcp aqV-]p-cm-W-amtWm?AXn bpàn-Nn-´¡p bmsXmcp Øm\hpw \ÂIn-bn-«nsÃ?shdpw AÔ-X sImWvStà bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ IpÀ-Bs\ FXnÀ¡p-¶Xv? CÉmw aX-¯nsâ hàm-¡Ä Bth-i-]qÀÆw tNmZn-¡p-¶p.
      IpÀ-B-\n BsI NnX-dn-¡n-S-¡p¶ hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-i-I-e-§fpw \ymbo-I-cW {ia-§fpw GXp km[m-cW hmb-\-¡m-c-sâbpw {i²-bn s]Sm-Xn-cn-¡n-Ã.
      kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS DÂIrjvS KpW-§Ä hÀ®n-¡p¶ Iq«-¯n IpÀ-B³ ]d-bp¶p:þ ""X§-fpsS \mYsâ ZrjvSm-´-§Ä HmÀan-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ _[n-ccpw AÔ-cp-am-bn-s¡m­vWvS­­v Ah-bv¡p-ta sN¶p-ho-gm-¯-h-cpw (25:73 AÂ^pÀJm³)
      IpÀ-B-\nse Bb-¯p-I(hmIy§)Ä ¡v t\sc-t]mepw Xpd¶ k-ao-]-\-am-bn-cn-¡Ww apÉnw-IÄ FSp-t¡WvS­-­Xv F¶m-WtÃm CXn-¶À°w?. Nne kqà-§Ä ]cn-tim-[-\m-hn-t[-b-am-¡p-¶Xv IpÀ-B-\nse bpàn-hm-Z-coXn a\-kn-em-¡p-¶-Xn\v {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
(1)  hmZ-apWvvS­ v; ]s£..............
   ­      kÀÆ-i-à-\mb X\n¡v klm-bn-bmbn Hcp ]p{X-s\-´n\v F¶ AÃm-lp-hnsâ tNmZyw bpàn-bpàw Xs¶-sb¶v \ap¡v tXm¶pw. klmbn Bbn-«p-thWvvS­  Hcp ]p{X-\p-­WvSm-bm F´mWv Ipg¸w F¶v tNmZn-¨mtem?. A]-I-S-am-Wv!
      hlvbv (ssZ-h-¯n \n¶pÅ ktµ-i-§Ä) F¯n-¡m\pw Bfp-Isf acn-¸n-¡m\pw ae-¡p-I-fpsS klm-b-sa-´n-\mWv kÀÆ-i-à-\m-sW-¦n F¶p XpS§n bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ At\Iw tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¨p-sImWvvS­-­n-cn-¡p-¶p. kqd¯p "¶nkm-CÂ' (4 : 171) IrkvXym-\n-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-¶p:
      ""thZ-¡msc! \n§-fpsS aX-¯n \n§Ä Aan-X-hm-Zn-I-fm-bn-¯o-c-cp-Xv. AÃm-lp-hnsâ t]cn kXy-a-ÃmsX bmsXm¶pw \n§Ä Btcm-]n-¡-cp-Xv. aÀb-ansâ ]p{X³ akolv Cuk AÃm-lp-hnsâ ZqX\pw aÀb-an-te¡v Ah³ C«p-sIm-Sp¯ Ahsâ hmIyhpw Ah-¦Â \n¶pÅ Hcp Bßmhpw am{X-am-Ip¶p. AXp-sImWvSp-  ­v AÃm-lp-hnepw Ahsâ ZqX-·m-cnepw hniz-kn-¡pI. ssZhw aqs¶-®-am-sW¶v \n§Ä ]d-ªp-t]m-I-cp-Xv. hnc-an-¡pI; AXmWv \n§Ä¡p-¯-aw. AÃmlp Htc Hcp ssZh-am-Ip-¶p. k´m-\-§-fp-­m-Ip¶ Ah-Ø-bnÂ\n¶v Ah³ ]cn-ip-²-\-s{X. BImi `qan-I-fn-ep-Å-sXÃmw Xs¶ Ah-\p-Å-Xm-Ip-¶p. kÀÆ-tcbpw Gsä-Sp¯p kwc-£n-¡p-hm³ AÃm-lp-Xs¶ aXn''.
      D²-cn-¡-s¸« hmIy-§Ä AÃm-lp-hn \n¶p-Xs¶ F¶v hmZ-¯n-\p-thWvS­n Xmev¡m-en-I-ambn AwKo-I-cn¨p F¶p shbv¡p-I. AÃm-lp-hn¶v DÅ-Xmbn ]d-b-s¸-Sp¶ "GI³', "kÀÆ-hym]n' XpS-§n-b-h-sbm-gn¨v asäÃm al-¯mb KpW-§-fp-apÅ aäp cWvvSp  ­v AÃm-lp-amÀIqSn DWvS­m-bn-t¸m-bm AhÀ¡p X½n kln-jvWp-X-tbmsS s]mcp-¯-s¸-«p-t]m-Im³ Bhn-sÃ-¶pt­WvS­m? AhÀ X½n a\p-jy-sc-t¸mse A¦w -sh-«p-sa¶v IpÀ-B-\n asäm-cn-S¯v kqNn-¸n-¡p¶p. NÀ¨-Xs¶ \ncp-Õm-l-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-XmWv D²-cn-¡-s¸« hmIy-¯n-eqsS ImWp-¶-Xv. Ipsd am\p-jnI KpW-§Ä¡v AXn-`m-hp-IXzw \ÂIn Ah-sb-Ãmw-IqSn Hcp k¦Â]-¯n A[ym-tcm-]n¨v AXn-s\-bmWv "AÃmlp' hmbn IpÀ-B-\n Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
      AÃm-lp-hn\v ae-¡p-I-fpWvS­ -­v, a¡-fn-Ã. A{X a\-kn-em-¡n-bm aXn; aq¶v F¶v ]d-ªp-t]m-I-bp-a-cp-Xv.
      aq¶p-t]m-bn«v H¶p-t]mepw Csöv h¶mtem? IpÀ-Bsâ `à-·mÀ AXnsshIm-cn-I-X- sImWvSpv hnh-i-cm-Ip¶p. Ah-cpsS hnImcw {hW-s¸-Sp-¶p. C§s\ hnImcw {hW-s¸-Sp¶ {]Xn-I-c-W -co-Xn¡v IpÀ-B³ AwKo-Imcw \ÂIptam? ]cn-tim-[-\-bÀln-¡p-¶, D¯cw e`n-t¡WvvS­  ­ Hcp {]iv\-am-Wn-Xv.
(2)  aX-t_m-[-¯nsâ ASn-Øm\w tI«p-tIÄhntbm bpàn- Nn-´tbm?
      apl-½-Zv\-_n-bpsS {]hm-N-I-Xz-¯n kwibw tXm¶n-b-Xp- sIm-­WvS­mImw NneÀ Hcp tNmZy-ap-¶-bn¨p:
      ""\½psS ASp-¡-te¡v F´p-sIm--WvS­v ae-¡p-Isf Ab-¡p-¶nÃ? AsÃ-¦n \½psS \mYs\ F´p-sImWvS­v \mw t\cn ImWp-¶n-Ã?. (25:21, AÂ^pÀJm³)
      Bcp-tSbpw Znhy-Xz-¯nsâ X«n-¸n\p hnt[-b-cm-I-cp-sX¶ Icp-X-temsS Bbn-cn¡mw AhÀ Cu tNmZyw D¶-bn-¨-Xv. XnI¨pw bpàn-k-l-amb tNmZyw. AÃm-lp-hnsâ ZqX-\m-sW-¶m-WtÃm Ah-Im-i-hm-Zw. F¦n AÃmlp F´p--sIm--WvS­v FÃm a\p-jy-scbpw Hcp t]mse IcpXn hlvbnsâ A\p-{K-lhpw ae-¡p-I-fpsS kmao-]yhpw FÃm a\p-jyÀ¡pw \ÂIp-¶nÃ? tI«p-tIÄhnsb ASn-Øm-\-am-¡p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ kzbw t_m[y-s¸-Sm³ Ah-kcw \ÂIp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶nsà D¯aw? C§-s\-bpÅ {]iv\-§Äs¡Ãmw DÅ hni-Zo-I-cWw "ZqX³' F¶v Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp¶ Btfm-S-ÃmsX aäm-tcm-SmWv tNmZn-¡pI?
      ~H«pw {]Xn-]£ _lp-am-\-an-Ãm-sX, kwibw D¶-bn-¨-h-cpsS Dt±-iy-ip²n tNmZyw-sN-bvXp-sIm­WvSp ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: ""\nÝ-b-ambpw C¡q-«À Ah-cpsS a\-Ên Alw-`m-h-amWv Hfn-¨p-sh-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. F¶n«v henb [n¡mcw ImWn--¡p-I-bmWv''. (IpÀ-B³ 25:21)
      AhÀ Hcp ]s£ [n¡mcw Xs¶-bmWv ImWn-¡p-¶-sX¶p Icp-Xp-I. Alw-`mhw Hfn-¨p-sh-¨mWv tNmZyw D¶-bn-¨-sX¶pw Icp-Xp-I. ]n¡m-e¯v BcpsS a\-knepw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn D­--WvS­m-tb-¡m-hp¶ Hcp kwi-b-sa¶ \nebv¡v ]cn-K-Wn¨v icn-bmb hà adp-]-Sn-bp-apW-svS-¦n AXv shfn-]m-Smbn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m-am-bn-cp-¶ntÃ? F¦n Cu tNmZy-IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡v D]-I-cn-¨n-sÃ-¦nÂt]mepw C¶-s¯-¡m-e¯v bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fm-bn-s¡m--WvS­-­n-cn-¡p¶ Ipsd-t]-sc-sb-¦nepw Hcp-]s£ IpÀ-Bsâ `àm-\p-hm-N-I-cm¡n ]nSn-¨p-\nÀ¯m³ AXv D]-I-cn-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p. hnizm-khpw bpàn-t_m-[hpw s]mcp-¯-s¸-Sp-¯m³ klm-b-I-amb Hcp adp-]Sn IpÀ-B-\n-eqsS \ÂIm-\m-bn-Ã. IpÀ-B³t]mse a\p-jyÀ¡v "imiz-X-ambn' amÀK-ZÀi\w      \ÂtI­-WvS­ Hcp {KÙw Cu \ne-hmcw ]peÀ¯n-bm aXntbm?
      `oj-Wn-bpsS apgp-h³ cq]w tIÄ¡pI : ""icn ae-¡p-Isf AhÀ ImWp¶ Znhkw Ipä-hm-fn-IÄ¡v H«pw kt´mjw D­v-WvSm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã-X-s¶. c£! c£! F¶mWv AhÀ hnfn¨p {]mÀ°n-¡pI'' (IpÀ-B³ 25:22)
      C§s\ tIgm³ am{Xw ZpÀ_-e-cmtWm AÃm-lp-hnsâ FXn-cm-fn-IÄ? t\cn ImWm³Xs¶ X¿m-dp-Å-h-tcmSv C¯cw `ojWn {]tbm-Kn-¨Xv [oc-X-bpsS e£-W-aÃ. t\cn Im«p-I-bm-Is« ae-¡p-Isf am{X-am-bn-cn-¡p-at{X; AÃmlp {]Xy-£-am-In-Ã-t]mepw! \ntj-[n-Isf acymZ ]Tn-¸n-¡m³ ae-¡p-I-tftbm hÀKo-b-hm-Zn-I-tftbm B{i-bn-¡p-¶Xv Hcp kÀÆ-i-à\v `qj-W-amtWm?
      C¯cw tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¡p-¶-sXms¡ Ipä-I-c-am-sW¶v {]Xy-£-¯nÂXs¶ ]d-ªp-sh¨ ØnXn¡v bpàn-Nn-´-bpsS {]tbmKw IpÀ-Bsâ Hcp khn-ti-j-X-bmbn Bcpw sXän-²-cn-t¡-­-Wv  -SXn-söv hyàw. Cu A²ym-b-¯nse XpSÀ¶pÅ hmIy-§Ä Cu {]iv\-¯n \n¶pw hmb-\-¡m-cpsS {i² Xncn-¨p-hn-Sp¶ hn[-¯n\pw cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-bXv X{´-]-c-am-sb¶v k½-Xn¡mw ]s£ bpàn t_m[-¯n\p \nc-¡p-¶tXm [octam AÃ-X-s¶.
      tNmZy-IÀ¯m-¡Ä Ipä-hm-fn-IÄ BbXv Btcm {]hm-N-I-\m-sW¶v kzbw {]Jym-]n-¨-Xns\ kwi-bn-¡p-Ibpw tI«p-tIÄhnsb ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯n Hcp Imcyw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p ]Icw kz´-ambn hniz-kn-¡m-hp¶ Hcp sXfnhv Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp F¶ Htc Hcp Imcy-¯nsâ t]cn-em-Wv. kÀÆ-i-à-s\¶v ]d-b-s¸-Sp¶ AÃmlp Dt±-in-¨n-cp-s¶-¦n Cu {]hm-N-Is\ AwKo-I-cn¡mw F¶v A\p-hm-Z-t¯m-sS, AwKo-I-cn-¡Ww F¶ D¯-c-thmsS P\-§-fn Hmtcm-cp-¯-cpsS ASp-t¯¡pw ae-¡p-Isf Ab-bv¡m-am-bn-cp-¶p. ae-¡pIsfsb-¦nepw I-WvSp F¶ Bizmkw AhÀ¡p-­-WvSm-Ip-a-tÃm. kzbw t_m[y-s¸-«n-sÃ-¦nepw hniz-kn-¨p-sIm-Å-W-sa¶ hmin bpàn-t_m-[-¯n\p Xosc \nc-¡p-¶-X-Ã.
(3)  kXym-k-Xy-§fpw icn-sX-äp-Ifpw hnth-Nn-¡m³ D]-bp-à-hpw, kq£-a-Xbpw IrXy-Xbpw ]peÀ¯p-¶-Xp-amb Hcp am\-Z-WvU-amtWm IpÀ-BÀ?
      "AÂ_-Jd' F¶ A²ym-b-¯n (2:44)  C{km-bo-ey-tcmSv tNmZn-¡p¶p: ""P\-§-tfmSv \n§Ä \· D]-tZ-in-¡p-Ibpw \n§sf \n§Ä ad-¶p-I-f-bp-I-bp-amtWm sN¿p-¶Xv? \n§-tfm, thZ-{KÙw hmbn-¨p -sImvWvS­-­n-cn-¡p-¶p-­WvS­p- Xm-\pw. \n§Ä¡p _p²n-bn-Ãtbm?.
      "AÂ-A-Avdm^v' F¶ A²ym-b¯nsâ Ah-km-\-`mKw: ""AÃm-lp-hnsâ t]cn kXy-a-ÃmsX ]d-b-cp-sX¶pw thZ-{KÙw aptJ\ Ah-cn \n¶v {]XnÚ hm§n-bn-«ntÃ?
      thZ-¯n-ep-ÅXv AhÀ hmbn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«ntÃ? kq£-a-X-bp-Å-hÀ¡v D¯-a-am-bXv A´y-ho-Sm-WtÃm? \n§Ä¡p _p²n-bn-Ãtbm?''
      Hmtcm \ymbo-I-c-W-¯n-¶p-tijw "\n§Ä¡v _p²n-bn-Ãtbm' F¶ Cu tNmZyw IpÀ-B-\n ]te-S¯pw ImWmw, thZw hmbn-¨-hÀ thZ-{]-am-W-a-\p-k-cn¨v kz´w PohnXw Nn«-s¸-Sp-¯m-¯-XmWv ta¡m-Wn¨ cWvS­ ­v Bb-¯p-I-fn NqWvS­­n-¡m-«n-b-Xv.
      \n§-fpsS _p²nbpw Nn´m-i-ànbpw \n§-fp-sS-Xs¶ Pohn-X-¯n-\p -thWvS­­n D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-t¯WvS­-­-XsÃ? F¶mWv \ymb-hm-Zw.
      _p²nbpw bpànbpw D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-t¯Wv-­-vSXp-X-s¶, AXv IpÀ-Bsâ Xs¶ bpàn `{ZX ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶nSw hsc F¯n-bmtem?
      aäp aX-Ø-cp-sS-sbÃmw "hnip²' {KÙ-§-fp-sSbpw ssZh-§-fp-sSbpw bpàn hnaÀi-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡mw. F¶m X§-fpsS AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-sfbpw ]c-¼-cm-KX A\m-Nm-c-§-sfbpw bpày-[n-jvTnX ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡v hnt[-b-am-¡n-¡qSm F¶ hÀ¤ob \ne-]m-SmWv ]e apÉnw-Ifpw \ne-\nÀ¯n-¡m-Wp-¶-Xv.  IpÀ-B-\nse "kqJvdq^v' F¶ A²ym-b¯n (43:22)  apl-½Zp\_n-bpsS ka-Im-en-I-cmb,  Pmln-en-¿-¯nsâ hàm-¡Ä F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸«, {]Xn-]£w C§s\ ]d-bp-¶-Xmbn ImWp-¶p:
      ""F¶m AhÀ ]d-bp¶p: R§-fpsS ]nXm-¡Ä Hcp Ncy-bn-em-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv R§Ä I­WvSp. R§Ä Ah-cpsS Imev]m-Sp-I-fpsS amÀK-ZÀi-\-¯n Ncn--¡p-I-bmWv''. ]c-¼-cm-K-X-ambn ]men-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xns\ tNmZyw sN¿p-¶-sX-´n\v F¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p Ipssd-in-I-fpsS \ne-]m-Sv.
      hn{K-lm-cm[Icm-bn-cp¶ Ad-_n-IÄ CÉmw-a-X-t¯mSv ssIs¡m­WvS­ AtX kao-]-\-amWv C¶v apÉnw-IÄ bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-t¯mSv FSp-¡p-¶-Xv. FÃm ]cnjv¡cW {ia-§-sfbpw [n¡m-c-ambpw CÉm-an \n¶pÅ hyXn-N-e-\-ambpw AhÀ ImWp-¶p.
      Hcp AÃmlp DWvsS¦n þ A§s\ Hcp AÃmlp km[y-am-sW-¦n þ B AÃm-lp-hn-t\mtSm Ah-¦Â \n¶v Ah-XoÀ®-sa¶v ]d-b-s¸-Sp¶ {KÙ-t¯mtSm A\m-h-iy-amb bmsXm-cp-Xcw hntcm-[hpw Hcp bpàn-hm-Zn¡pw DWvS­m-bn-¡q-Sm-¯-Xm-Wv. AÃm-lp-hn hnizm-k-an-sÃ-¦n t]mepw Hcp Imcy-¯nepw A\m-h-iy-amb hntcm[w bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯p-¶n-Ã. F¶m bpàn-t_m-[-¯nsâ shfn-¨-¯n Cu k¦Â]hpw _Ô-s¸« Imcy§fpw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶p-sh¶ Hä Imcyw-Xs¶ kln-jvWp-X-tbmsS t\m¡n-¡m-Wm³ X¿m-dn-Ãm¯ £n{]-tIm-]n-I-fmb hàm-¡-fmWv AÃm-lp-hn¶v DÅ-sX-¦nÂ, B AÃm-lp-sh-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bp¶ {KÙ-¯n\v bpàn-`-{Z-X-bpsS Ie-i-emb A`mhw DWvS­m-bn-cn¡mw F¶v GXp \njv]£ \nco-£-I\pw kwi-bn¨p t]mIpw.
      C{km-bo-eyÀ Ah-cpsS thZw hmbn-¨n-cp-¶p-sh¶v IpÀ-B³ kqàw ]d-bp-¶p. \½psS \m«nse apÉnw-I-fn `qcn-]-£hpw IpÀ-B³ AÀ°-a-dnªv ]mcm-bWw \S-¯m-¯-Xp-sImtWvSm AYhm ]mcm-bWw \S-¯p-¶Xp IpÀ-Bsâ Xs¶ \nÀt±-i-¯n¶v hncp-²-ambn "AÔcpw _[n-c-cp-ambn sN¶p hogp-¶-hn-[-¯n Bbn-t¸m-Ip-¶-Xp-sImtWvSm Bbn-cn¡pw Hcp ]t£ kz´w aX-{K-Ù-¯nse bpàn-c-ln-X-amb `mK-§Ä hnaÀi-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡p-Itbm IpÀ-B-\nse bpàn-hm-Z-co-Xn-bpsS ]cn-anXn a\-kn-em¡n Cu Ime-L-«-¯nse \à bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fmbn amdp-Itbm sN¿m-¯-Xv.
      ]c-kv]c hncp-²tam Ahy-àtam Bb kqà-§-fmWv ]c-kv]cw t]mc-Sn-¡p¶ At\Iw kwL-S-\-IÄ apÉnw-I-fp-tS-Xmbn \ne-hn-ep-­WvSm-Im³ Imc-W-sa¶v apÉnw sNdp-¸-¡mÀ a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶n-Ã. hyXyØ ZmÀi-\nI \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ kzoI-cn¨p{]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ H¶n-tesd AÃm-lp-amÀ WvvSm-Im-\pÅ km[yX apÉnw-IÄ¡p kzoIm-cy-a-ÃtÃm?
      AÃmlp Icp-Wm-\n-[nbpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\p-am-sW¶v IpÀ-B³ BhÀ¯n-¨m-hÀ¯n¨v ]d-bp-¶p. F´n\v a\p-jy-cn `qcn-]-£s¯ \c-I-¯nsâ Ah-Im-in-IÄ B¡n F¶ bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS tNmZyw icn-bmb adp-]Sn e`n-¡msX Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶p. sXc-sª-Sp-¡m-\pÅ kzmX{´yw a\p-jy\p \ÂI-s¸--«n-cn-¡p-¶psh¶ s]mÅ-bmb aXw-]-d-¨n IpÀ-B-\n BhÀ¯n-¨m-hÀ¯n¨p {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp¶ ]e kqà-§Ä¡pw hncp-²-am-Wv.
      AÃmlp Dt±-in-¨m kw`-hn-¡m-¯-Xmbn bmsXm¶pw CsÃ-¶mWv Ah-Im-i-hmZw. bmko³ kqd¯n (36:82)  t\m¡p-I: ""Hcp Imcyw Dt±-in-¨m "DWvS­m-IpI' F¶v AXn-t\mSv Iev]n-¡pI am{X-amWv Ah³ sN¿p-¶-Xv. DSs\ AXv DWvS­m-bn-¯o-cp¶p'' (C-Ãmbva þ Dt±iyw, Iev]\ þ DWvS­­m-I F¶ {]{I-atam {]{In-btbm kwK-X-amtWm F¶p X¡mew ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶n-Ã).
      Bsc-sb-¦nepw k·mÀK-¯n-em-¡m³ Bcpw ]mSp-s]-tS  ­ bmsXm-cm-h-iy-hp-an-Ã. AÃmlp A§s\ Dt±-in-¨m am{Xw aXn. AÃm-lp-hm-sW-¦n Xosc A§s\ Hcn-¡epw Hcm-fpsS Imcy-¯nepw Dt±-in-¨n-«n-Ãm-bvI-bp-an-Ã.
      (45:18)  ]d-bp-¶p: ""]n¶oSv C¡m-cy-¯n \mw \ns¶ Hcp sXfnª amÀK-¯n-em-¡n-bn-cn¡bmWv, AXp-sImvWvS­­v B amÀKs¯ ]n´p-SÀ¶p-sIm-Åp-I. hnh-c-an-Ãm¯hcpsS tZtl-Ñ-Isf \o ]n´p-S-c-cpXv''.
      sXfnª amÀKw kzbw IsWvS­­-¯p-I-bÃ; AÃmlp amÀK-¯n-em-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
      C§s\ AÃmlp amÀK-¯n-em-¡m-¯-hÀ icn-b-Ãm-¯Xp hÃXpw sNbvXm AXnsâ D¯-c-hm-Zn¯w AÃm-lp-hn-\p-X-s¶-bm-bn-cn-t¡WvtS­­? Chn-sS-bmWv IpÀ-B³ hnh-cn-¡p¶ AÃmlp hfsc tami-ambn IcpWm tei-an-ÃmsX s]cp-am-dp-¶-Xv. IpÀ-B³ Xs¶ amÀK-ZÀi-\-¯n-\pÅ Hcp am\-Z-WvUta AÃm-Xmbn amdp-¶Xv!
      ""F´pv! \mw Xn·-IÄ sNbvXp-sh-¨n-cn-¡p¶ Bfp-Isf kXy-hn-izm-khpw k¡À½-§fpw sNbvX-h-sc-t¸m-se-¯s¶ B¡p-sa¶v AhÀ [cn-¨p-sh-¨n-«pWvS­m? AXm-bXv AhÀ cWvSp Iq«-cp-sSbpw Pnhn-Xhpw ac-Whpw Xpey-am¡n  sh¡p-sa¶v? Ah-cpsS Xocp-am\w tamiw Xs¶. (45:21).
      AÃmlp kXy-hn-izm-k-¯n-te¡v F¯n-¡m-¯-h-scbpw k¡À½-§Ä sN¿n-¸n-¡m³ sXc-sª-Sp-¯n-«n-Ãm-¯-h-scbpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-¡m³ Dt±-in-¨-hÀ¡v Xpey-cm-bà ImWm³ t]mIp-¶-sX¶v!!!
      CtX kqd- (A-²ym-b) ¯nse 23þmwas¯ Bb¯v (hm-Iyw) bpàn-hmZnIfpsS Btcm-]Ww AÃm-lp-Xs¶ iànbmbn icn-sh-bv¡p¶ hn[-am-Wv.
      ""tZtl-Ñsb ssZh-am-¡n- sh-bv¡p-Ibpw AÃmlp t_m[-]qÀÆw hgn-]n-g-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNhnbv¡pw lrZ-b-¯n\pw ap{Z-sh-bv¡p-Ibpw I®n-t·Â aqSn-bn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-hs\ \o IWvS­n-«pWvtS­­m? AÃm-lp-hn\p ]pdsa Ahs\ hgn-Im-Wn-¡m³ BcpWvvS­v? \n§-tfmÀ¡p-¶ntÃ?''
      C§s\ AÃmlp t_m[-]qÀÆw hgn-]n-g-¸n¨ a\p-jysc AÃm-lp-Xs¶ \c-I-¯n-em-¡p-¶p.
      kz´w tkzOm-[n-]Xyw AwKo-I-cn-¨n-söpw AXn\p hnt[bcmbn-sÃ-¶p-apÅ Ipäw hrYm Npa-¯n, _Ô-\-Ø-cm-¡n, Aán-Ip-WvU-¯n-te¡v hen-s¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn\v ap¼v ZpÀ_-eÀ¡p ap¼n Ccp-fnsâ ad-hnÂ\n¶v {Iqc-ambn s]m«n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp ]c-]o-V-\-t{]-an-bpsS thj-¯n-età IpÀ-B³ AÃm-lp-hns\ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv?
      Bßm-`n-am\w {]I-Sn-¸n¨, _lp-P-\-kzm-[o\w t\Sn-s¡m-WvtS ­-bn-cn-¡p¶ "C_veokn'sâ Dulm-ßI Nn{X-hp-ambn AÃm-lp-hnsâ Cu Nn{Xw Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp¯n t\m¡p-¶Xv ckm-h-l-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
      ""\n§Ä AÃm-lp-hnsâ ZrjvSm-´-§sf ]cn-lm-k-]m-{X-am-¡p-Ibpw sFln-I-Po-hnXw \n§sf h©n-X-cm-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX ImcWw sIm­WvSm-Wn-Xv. AXp-sIm­vWvSv  C¶v Ahsc B \c-I-¯nÂ\n¶v ]pd-t¯¡p hnSp-Itbm Ah-cpsS Hgn-hp-I-gn-hp-Ifpw ]Ým-¯m-]hpw kzoI-cn-¡p-s¸-Sp-Itbm CÃ. (45:35)
      bpàn-Nn-´-bpsS Imcyw AÃmlp bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p hn«n-cn-¡-bm-sW¶v tXm¶pw Cu kqàw hmbn-¨mÂ. GXp-Xcw hni-I-e-\hpw AÃm-lpsh \oXo-I-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã.
i. H¶p-In kz´w tZtlNvO
      tZtlÑ {][m-\-ambn Icp-Xp-¶-hÀ IpÀ-B-\nse kzÀK-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hmKvZm-\-§-fn hymtam-ln-X-cmbn AÃm-lp-hnsâ ASn-a-I-fm-Ipw. F¶n«pw \à hnizm-kn-I-fm-Ip-¶n-sÃ-¦n XI-cmdv C¡q-«-cp-tS-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bnÃ; hnizm-kn-I-fm-Im³ sImÅm-¯-hsc kzÀKw Im«n hymtam-ln-¸n-¨-Xnsâ Ipg-¸-am-bn-cn-¡pw. lqdn (kzÀK-¯n e`n-bv¡p-sa¶p Icp-X-s¸-Sp¶ I\y-I) -am-sc-¡p-dn¨pw aäp-apÅ hÀW-\-IÄ Bsc-bmWv BIÀjn-¡pI?
ii      AsÃ-¦n AÃm-lp-hnsâ amÀK-ZÀi-\w.
      CXv bpàn-Nn-´-bpsS Bh-iy-an-Ãm¯ £n{]-hn-izm-kn-IÄ¡p-Å-Xm-Wv. C¯cw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv IpÀ-B³ kqà-§Ä HmXn-tIĸn-¡p-t¼mÄ _[n-ccpw AÔ-cp-ambn sN¶p-ho-g-cpXv F¶v I¸n-¡p-¶-Xn henb AÀ°-an-à Ft¶ k[m-c-W-¡m-cmb \ap¡v ]d-bm³ Ign-bq. AÃm-lp-hnsâ coXn-imkv{Xw \ap¡v AÚm-X-am-WtÃm? AÃmlp Xs¶ t\cmb amÀK-¯n-em-¡n-¡-gn-ª-hÀ¡v ]ns¶ amÀK-\nÀt±-i-§Ä F´n\v?
iii       ta¸-dª cWvSp hn`m-K-¯nepw s]Sm-¯-h-cm-bn-cn-¡ntà bpànhmZn-IÄ? sFln-I-Po-hnXw Ah-cpsS I®-©n-¡p-¶p-sWvS  -¦n Ah-cm-sc-¦nepw \ne-hn-epÅ kuI-cy-§fpw km[y-X-Ifpw Dt]-£n-¨p-sIm­vWvSp kXy-kw-Øm]-\-¯n-\p-th-­-WvS­­n-bp-Å {]hÀ¯\-¯n\v Cd-§n-¯n-cn-¡ptam?
      bpàn-hm-Zn-Isf Cu PohnXw h©n-X-cm-¡p-¶n-Ã. AhÀ¡v t_m[y-s¸-Sm¯ GsX-¦nepw aqV-k-¦Â¸-§Ä¡pw Ahsc h©nXcm-¡m³ Ign-bn-Ã. Cu temI Pohn-Xs¯ AhÀ kao-]n-¡p-¶Xv Kuc-h-t_m-[-t¯m-sS-bmWv F¶Xtà kXyw?
      a\pjy _p²n¡v k¦Â¸n-¡m³ km²y-am-b{X DbÀ¶ Af-hnepw tXmXnepw am\p-jn-I-amb Ipsd KpW-§-fpsS km¦-ev]nI an{iW¯n\-¸pdw X§Ä hmNm-e-ambn sIm«n-tLm-jn-¡p¶ AÃm-lp-sh-¡p-dn¨v henb hnh-c-sam¶pw X§Ä¡n-sÃ-¶Xv ssZh-hn-izm-kn-I-sf¶v kzbw Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀs¡Ãmw t_m[y-am-Ip¶ Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. AÃm-lp-sh-¡p-dn¨v ]n¡m-e¯v ]e Nn´-Icpw ]e \nK-a-\-§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bp-­mbn F¶ hkvXpX ]d-bmsX h¿.
(4)\·-bpsS {]Xn-]mZyw \nÀÆ-ln-t¡-­Xv hym]-Ihpw `bm-\-Ihpw imiz-X-hp-amb Xn·-bpsS \ne-\n-ev]ns\ B{i-bn-¨mtWm?
      IpÀ-Bsâ `mj-bn ssZh-\n-tj[w t]mepw AÃm-lp-hnsâ Xocp-am-\-{]-Im-c-am-Wv. (CÉmw aX {]hm-N-I³ Cu hkvXpX \ntj-[n-¡p-¶n-Ã) IpÀ-B³ ]d-bp-¶p:
      ""\mw Dt±-in-¡p-¶-]£w kIe Bßm-¡Ä¡pw Ah-bpsS t\ÀamÀKw \ÂIp-am-bn-cp-¶p. F¶m Pn¶p-Ifpw a\p-jy-cp-am-b-h-sc-s¡m-­msI \cIw \nd-bv¡pI Xs¶ sN¿p-sa¶ Fsâ hm¡v Ønco-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p-I-gnªp''.
      AÃm-lp-hnsâ ­-thWvSpI! F¶-ÃmsX asä´p ]d-bm³? \mw \c-I-¯n ]Xn-¡p-¶p-sh-¦n AÃmlp t\ÀamÀKw \ÂIm³ BZyta Dt±-in-¨n-«n-Ãm¯XpsIm-­p-X-s¶.
      IpÀ-B³ asäm-cn-S¯p ]d-bp¶p: ""CtX-t]mse Hmtcm-\m-«nepw IpX-{´-§Ä {]tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ahn-Ss¯ ZpjvS-·m-cn Xe-h-·msc \mw \ntbm-Kn-¡m-dpWvS­­-­v. hmkvX-h-¯n X§-tfm-Sp-Xs¶bÃmsX AhÀ IpX{´w {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶nÃ. AhÀ Adn-bp-¶n-sÃ-¶p-am{Xw'' (6 : 123)
      AÃmlpsh, CsX-´p-Xcw k³amÀKw? Cu ZpjvS-·mÀ¡v IpX-{´-§Ä ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv AÃm-lp-hm-sW¶v Fgp-Xn-sh¨ IpÀ-B³I­  -WvS­­m F§m\pw AÃmlp WvvSm--bn-cp-s¶-¦n (\ DuZp-_nÃm!) IpÀ-B³ IÀ¯m-hns\ imizX \c-I-in-£bv¡v hnt[-b-\m-¡ntÃ? IpÀ-Bsâ bYmÀ° IÀ¯m-hm-sc¶v kwi-bn-¡p-¶-hsc F§s\ Ipäw ]dbpw?
      Dt±-in-¡p-Ibpw I¸n-¡p-Ibpw t_m[-]qÀÆw hgn-]n-g-¸n-¡p-Ibpw AÀln-¡m¯ in£-\ÂIp-Ibpw IpX-{´-§Ä ]Tn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw aäpw sN¿p¶ Abp-àn-Ihpw hnIr-X-hp-amb Hcp k¦-ev]-amWv AÃm-lp-sh-¡p-dn¨v IpÀ-B-\n-ep-Å-Xv.
      Bsc-¦nepw Xs¶-¡p-dn¨v kzbw C¯cw Hcp hnIe k¦ev]w \ÂIptam?
      t_m[hpw a\Êpw Nn´m-hym-]m-c-hp-apÅ Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-amtWm AÃmlp? a\p-jy-_p-²n-¡pÄs¡m-Åm³ Ign-bm¯ Hcp k¦ev]w Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m³ {ian-¨m A]-lm-ky-am-Ip-sa-¶-Xnsâ D¯a DZm-l-c-W-amWv IpÀ-B³. hnaÀi-Isc ]Tn-¸n-¡m³ {ian-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap¼v X§-fpsS hmZ-§Ä F´p-sImWvvS ­v apÉnw-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶nÃ?
39:22 (kp-aÀ)  ]d-bp-¶p. CÉm-an-te¡v Hcm-fpsS lrZ-bs¯ AÃmlp hnim-e-am-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¯mÂ, Xsâ \mY-\nÂ\n-¶pÅ {]Im-i-¯n-emWv AbmÄ. ssZh-kva-cW hn«v ITn-\-lr-Z-b-cm-Ip-¶-hÀ¡v \miw! hyà-amb amÀK-{`w-i-¯n-em-W-hÀ''.
      aX-\n-e-]m-Sn AÔ-amb A`n-\n-thiw krjvSn-¡m\pw X§Ä aäp-Å-h-tc-¡m-sfÃmw t{ijvT-sc¶pw AÃmlp \Ã-hgn ImWn-¡m³ sXc-sª-Sp-¯-h-sc¶pw DÅ anYym-`n-am\w Du«n Dd-¸n-¡m\pw am{X-ambn "AÃmlq' F¶ k¦-ev]s¯ D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡-bm-sW¶p ImWm³ Hcp \njv]-£-a-Xn¡pw {]bm-k-apWvvSm--hn-Ã.
      IpÀ-B-\n DS-\ofw s]mcp-¯-t¡-Sp-Ifpw sshcp-²y-§fpw Zriy-am-Wv. Xm¡m-enI ]cn-lm-c-amÀK-§tfm adp-]-Sn-Itfm Bbn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Hä t\m«¯n a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp¶ Bb-¯p-IÄt]mepw imiz-X-ambn \ne-\nÀ¯-s¸-tSWvvSh-bm-sW¶p hymJym-\n-¡p¶ apÉnw aX-kw-L-S\m hàm¡Ä Cu {]Xn-k-Ôn-bnÂ\n¶p Ic-I-b-dm-\m-ImsX Dg-ep-I-bm-Wv. CÉmw BhnÀ`-hn¨ Imes¯ Pmln-en¿ kaq-ls¯ hnaÀin-¨-Xn-s\-¡mÄ bpàn-`-{Z-amb hn[-¯n C¶s¯ AÔ-hn-izm-k-§Äs¡-Xnsc bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ ]S-s]m-cp-Xp-t¼mÄ IpÀ-B³ AS-¡-apÅ ]gb {KÙ-§-fnse `mKn-Ihpw A]qÀ®-hp-amb bpàn-hm-Z-coXn Imem\pkrXw t`Z-s¸-Sp¯n IqSp-X icn-bmbpw Ipä-a-ä-Xmbpw bpàn-bp-à-ambpw C¶s¯ bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶tà \à apÉnw-IÄ a\-Ên-em-t¡-­Xv?
(5)IpÀ-B\pw bpàn-t_m-[hpw
      IpÀ-B³ _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bvs¡-Xnsc GI ssZh-hn-izmkw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p¶ Hcp aX-{K-Ù-am-WtÃm? AÃm-lp-hn\v ]¦p-Imsc tNÀ¡p-¶-XmWv Gähpw henb Ipä-ambn IpÀ-B³ ImWp-¶-Xv. A¯-c-¡mÀs¡-Xnsc FÃm-hn[ hmZ-ap-J-§fpw Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨n-«pWvvS -­v. AhÀ¡v I\¯ in£-bpsS `oj-Wnbpw DWvvS- v. F¶m AÃmlp F¶ k¦]vetam ]c-temI PohnXs¯¡p-dn-¨pÅ [mc-Wtbm Bh-iy-an-söpw A¯cw k¦-ev]-§-sfms¡ aqV-am-sW¶pw Icp-Xn-bn-cp¶ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-IÄ Atd-_y-bn DWvvSm--bn-cp-¶ntÃ? D­WvvSm- -bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶p-thWw A\p-am-\n-¡m³. A¶s¯ bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄs¡-Xn-cn Imcy-am-sbmcp adp-]-Snbpw ]d-bm³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-¶-Xn-\m t_m[-]qÀÆw IpÀ-B-\n A¯-c-¡m-sc-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ]cm-aÀiw Ign-bp-¶{X Hgn-hm-¡m³ {ian-¨n-cn-¡m³ km[y-X-bWvvS-p -­v.
      A¶s¯ s`uXnI-hm-Zn-I-fp-am-bpÅ Hcp hnhmZw  'Pmknb' kqd-¯n \ap¡v ImWmw. (45:24. 25,26): ""AhÀ ]d-bp-¶p, "\½psS sFlnI Pohn-X-a-ÃmsX H¶p-an-Ã. \mw Pohn-¡p-Ibpw acn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. Imew am{X-amWv \s½ acn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv' AhÀ¡p AXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v kq£-a-Úm\w CÃ. AhÀ Duln-¡pI am{X-am-Wv''.
      Ah-cpsS hmZ-§Ä apgp-h-\mbn IpÀ-B-\n tNÀ¯n«ps­WvvS-  ¶p tXm¶p-¶nÃ. {]_-e-amb Hcp \nK-a-\s¯ \ncm-I-cn-¡m³ BImsX \nÊm-c-a-«n ASp¯ Bb-¯n Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨n-«pWvvS-­v. Ime-{]-hm-l-¯n kw`-hn-¡p¶ Pcm-\-cbpw ac-Whpw {]IrXn {]Xn-`m-k-§-fpsS `mK-am-sW¶pw AXv Hcp AÃmlp hnNm-cn-¨mepw Zni-am-ämt\m Xncn-¨p-sIm-­WvvSp-h-cmt\m km[n-¡-bn-söpw A§s\ km[n-¡p¶ Hcp AÃmlp DWvvsSmWv hmZ-sa-¦n X§-fpsS acn-¨p-t]mb ]nXm-¡sf Pohn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw AXp-hgn hmZw kXy-am-sW¶p sXfn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿Ww. C{X-bp-am-bn-cn¡mw A¡m-es¯ s`uXnI hmZn-I-fpsS \ne-]mSpw shÃp-hn-fn-bpw. CXp \nÊm-c-amb hmZ-am-sW¶pw C¯cw hmZ-K-Xn-IÄ D¶-bn-¡p-¶-hÀ Adn-hn-Ãm-¯-h-cm-sW¶pw BWv adp-]-Sn.
      ""\½psS hyà-amb ZrjvSm-´-§Ä Ahsc hmbn¨p tIĸn-¡p-t¼mÄ, ""\n§Ä kXy-hm-Zn-I-fm-sW-¦n R§-fpsS ]qÀÆ-]n-Xm-¡sf C§p--sIm-­p-h-cnI'' F¶p ]d-bpI am{X-amWv AhÀ¡pÅ \ymbw.
      \o ]d-bp-I, ""AÃmlp \n§sf Pohn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw A\-´cw acn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. ]n¶oSv Ah³ \n§sf ]p\-cp-°m\ Znh-k-t¯¡p tiJ-cn-¨p-sImWvvS-­p-hcpw, AXn kwi-b-ta-bn-Ã. ]s£, a\p-jy-cn-e-[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw Adn-hn-Ãm-¯-h-cm-Ip-¶p.''
      Bb-¯nsâ Ah-km-\-JWvUw A¶s¯ P\-§-fn C¯-c-¡mÀ [mcm-f-apWvvSm-bn-cp-¶p F¶m-sW¶p thW-sa-¦n hymJym-\n-¡mw, IpÀ-Bsâ AÀ°-c-ln-X-amb Hcp ssien am{X-ambn CXns\ IW-¡m-¡n-bm aXn-sb¶v tXm¶p¶p. F´m-bmepw C¡q-«-tcm-SpÅ adp-]Sn bpàn-bp-à-a-sÃ-¦nepw hfsc ab-¯n-em-sW¶ Imcyw {]tXyI {i²-bÀln-¡p-¶p.
      AÃmlp kÀÆ-i-à-\m-sW-¦n ac-Wm-\-´cw ]p\-cp-°m\ Znh-kta FÃm-h-tcbpw tiJ-cn-¨p-sImWvvSp hcp F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xnsâ bpàn cmlnXyw tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-«n-«pWvvSm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. AÃm-lp-Xs¶ Nne \nb-a-§Ä¡pw Ncy-IÄ¡pw hnt[-b-\m-sW¶v IpÀ-B³sImWvvS­v hyà-am-Ip-¶p. \nb-a-Ncym \nb-{´-Wm-Zn-I-fm _Ôn-X-\mb AÃmlp F§s\ kÀÆ-i-à-\mIpw? ]qÀÆ-]n-Xm-¡sf Poh³ \ÂIn tNmZy-IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡p-ap-¶n \nÀ¯m³ AÃmlp B{K-ln-¨mepw km[n-¡nà F¶p thWw Icp-Xm³.
      AÃmlp apÉnw-I-fn H¶m-a-\mb Xsâ \_nsb km´z-\-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ hn[-¯n-epÅ Nne Bb-¯p-Ifpw adp-]Sn ]d-bmsX Hgn-ªp-am-dm³ {ian-¡p¶ `mK-§fpw aäpw, Hcp-]s£ C¡q-«-cpsS tNmZy ic-§Ä¡p ap¼n adp-]Sn ]d-bm³ Ign-bmsX hnj-an-¡p¶ \nÊ-lm-b-X-bn \n¶v cq]-sa-Sp-¯-Xm-bn-cn-¡mw.
      "A³Bw' F¶ A²ym-b-¯n Cu hmZw hyà-am-bn-¡m-Wmw :
      ""\½psS Cl-tem-I-Po-hn-X-a-ÃmsX asäm-¶n-Ã. \mw ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp¶hcp-aà F¶v AhÀ ]d-bp-¶p.'' (6:29)

      Cu \ne-]mSv ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xn\p ]Icw a\p-jyÀ AÃm-lpsh A`n-ap-Jn-`-hn-¡p¶ ]c-tem-I-¯p-sh¨v AÃm-lp, "CXtà kXyw' F¶p tNmZn-¡p-Ibpw -\n-tj-[n-IÄ "AtX R§-fpsS \mYm' F¶p adp-]Sn ]d-bp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ kµÀ`-¯nsâ Nn{Xo-I-c-W-amWv AXv. IpÀ-B-\nse Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§Ä kXy-k-Ô-am-sW¶v AwKo-I-cn-¡m³ Ign-ªn-«n-Ãm-¯-hÀ, kXy--\n-tj-[n-IÄ Bbn ap{Z-Ip-¯-s¸-«-hÀ, ]c-tem-I¯v kXys¯ \ntj-[n-¡p-¶-Xmbn IpÀ-B-\n ImWp-¶n-Ã. bmYmÀ°yw t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-ªn-cp-s¶-¦n Cu temI-¯p-sh-¨p-Xs¶ AhÀ kXyw \ntj-[n-¡m-¯-h-cm-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡-Ww. kXy-sa¶p t_m[y-s¸-Sm-Xn-cp¶ Imcyw A§s\ t_m[y-s¸-Sm¯ Ime¯v AÔ-ambn AwKo-I-cn-¨n-sÃ-¶-Xn\v ITn-\-in£ cpNn-¸n¡pw F¶ hmin hfsc {Iqc-am-bn-t¸m-bn.

      ]cm-aÀi-hn-t[-b-amb hmZw "ZpJm³' F¶ A²ym-b-¯n C§s\ ImWmw:þ

      ""F¶m C¶v C¡q-«À CXm ]d-bp-¶p,'' ""\½psS H¶m-as¯ ac-W-a-Ãm-sX-bn-Ã. \mw ]n¶oSv Pohn-¸n¡s¸-Sp-¶-h-cp-aÃ, \n§Ä kXy-hm-Zn-I-fm-sW-¦n R§-fpsS ]qÀÆ-]n-Xm-¡sf C§p-sIm-­p-h-cn-I.'' (44:34þ37)

      {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-§Ä¡p hncp-²-ambn ssZh-¯n-\p-t]mepw a\p-jys\ ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¡m³ BIn-söv hmZn-¨-h-tcmSv \-in-¸n-¨p-I-fbpw F¶ `oj-Wn-bpsS cq]w-X-s¶-bmWv Chn-sSbpw adp-]Sn ssIsIm-Åp-¶-Xv. tIÄ¡p-I:
      ""Chtcm anI-¨-hÀ? AXà Xp_v_Csâ P\-Xbpw AhÀ¡p ap¼p-Å-h-cptam? Ahsc \mw \in-¸n-¨p-I-gn-ªn-«pWvvS-­v. AhÀ Ipä-hm-fn-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p.''
      AÃmlp a\p-jy-sc-sbÃmw hoWvvS­pw Pohn-¸n¡pw F¶ {]hm-N-I-·m-cpsS hmZs¯ tNmZyw sNbvX Imc-W-¯m A§s\ tNmZyw sNbvX kap-Zm-b-§-sf-sbÃmw \in-¸n-¨n-«pWvvS-­v, \n§-sfbpw \in-¸n-¨p-I-fbpw F¶v `oj-Wn. bpàn-t_m-[-apÅ a\p-jyÀ¡p hg-§m\pw kzoI-cn-¡m\pw {]bm-k-apÅ Imcy-§-fmWv A{I-ahpw `oj-Wn-bpw.
      Hcn-¡Â P\n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw acn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼m-tg¡pw AÃm-lp-sh´m £oWn-¨p-t]m-Ip-sa¶v \n§Ä Icp-Xntbm F¶mWv Xncn-¨pÅ \ymb-hm-Zw. \ymb-ambpw A§-s\-¯s¶ kwi-bn-¨p-t]m-Ipw. AsÃ-¦n C{X-h-enb Hcn-S-th-f-bpsS Bh-iy-sa´v? kÀÆ-i-à-\m-sW-¦n \nÊm-c-·m-cmb a\p-jy-cpsS shÃp-hnfn AtX-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡m³ F´p-sImWvvS ­v Ign-ªnÃ? Nne ioe-§Ä¡p hnt[-b-\m-sW-¦n amä-an-Ãm¯ A¯cw ioe-§Ä kÀÆ-i-à-s\-¶pÅ AÃm-lp-hnsâ \nÀÆ-N-\s¯ ZpÀ_-e-am-¡p-¶p.
      kwi-bn-¡p-Ibpw tNmZyw sN¿p-Ibpw ]co-£-W-§Ä¡v shÃp-hn-fn-¡p-Ibpw  sN¿p-t¼mÄ H¶p-In Hgn-ªp-am-dp-I. AsÃ-¦n `oj-Wn-s¸-Sp-¯p-Itbm _e-{]-tbm-K-¯n\p hnt[-b-am-¡p-Itbm {]Xn-Imcw XoÀ¡p-I-tbm, C§s\bpÅ ]mT-§-fmtWm Hcp D¯a aX-{KÙw \ÂtIWvvS-­Xv?.
      ss__n-fnse bpàn-cm-lnXyw NqWvvSn-¡m-Wn¨v AXp-ambn IpÀ-Bs\ Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡mWvvSv IpÀ-B³ AXn-im-kv{Xo-b-am-sW¶v sXfn-bn-¡m³ {ian-¡p¶p, NneÀ. ss__n-fns\ kw_-Ôn-t¨-S-t¯mfw bqtdm-¸n-sebpw Ata-cn-¡-bn-tebpw aäpw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Ft¶m \nÀÆ-ln-¨p-I-gnª Hcp IrXyw IpÀ-Bs\ c£n-s¨-Sp-¡m³ thWvvSn ]mSp-s¸«p A\p-jvTn-¡p-¶Xv ImWp-t¼mÄ kl-Xm]w tXm¶p-¶p. Hmdn-bâ enÌp-IÄ sNbvX-Xnsâ BhÀ¯\w am{X-amWv bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ \S-¯p-¶Xv F¶v ]dªp XÅn-¡-f-bm³ {ian-¡p-¶-Xp-sImWvvS v am{Xw IpÀ-B-\nse s]mcp¯t¡Sp-IÄ ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bn-Ã-tÃm. hnip-²-{K-Ù-sa¶v NneÀ Icp-Xp¶ IpÀ-B-\n ]c-kv]c sshcp-²y-§-fp-sWvvS¶v Xpd-¶p-]-d-bp-¶p-sh-¶-Xn\v bpàn-hm-Zn-I-tfmSv IbÀ¡p-¶-Xp-sImvWvvS­v {]tbm-P-\-apWvvSm-hp-sa¶v tXm¶p-¶n-Ã.
     
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2. Ch ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS IY-IÄ am{Xw

       IpÀ-B³ {i²-tbmsS hmbn-¡m\pw kq£va-ambn A]-{K-Yn-¡m\pw {ian-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ Nne "]cn-jv¡m-cn-IÄ' CÉmw aX hnaÀi-I-tcmSv "]cn-ip² IpÀ-B³' hmbn-¡-W-sa¶p \nÀt±-in¨p ImWm-dp-WvSv. ]cn-lm-ky-amb Nne `mK-§Ä NqWvSn-¡m-«p-t¼mÄ AhÀ AXy-´m-[p-\nI hymJym-\-§Ä tXSn ]c¡w ]mbp-¶p. bYmÀ°-¯n kXym-t\z-j-Isc Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯m³ X{´-]-c-amb \ho-\-Xm-hmZw ]b-äp-¶-hÀ¡p Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. IpÀ-B³ kqà-§Ä¡p \ÂI-s¸-Sp¶ tamtU-WnÌv hym-Jym-\-§Ä A¸Sn AwKo-I-cn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯mÂt¸mepw aqV-]p-cm-W-sa¶ hnaÀi-\s¯ t\cn-Sp-¶-Xn Ch-scm¶pw hnP-bn-¡p-¶n-Ã. kzX-{´-Nn-´-I-cpsS Cu \nco-£-W-¯n Nne apÉow-IÄ hndfn ]nSn-¨-Xp-sImWvS­v Hcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-an-Ã. AhÀ Ah-ew-_-am-¡p¶ hmZ-K-Xn-IÄ F¶pw ZpÀ_-e-am-bn-cp-¶p.
1)     ]g-©³ sI«p-I-Y-IÄ A¶pw C¶pw tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶p.
       AÃm-lp-hnsâ cmPm-[n-]Xyw AwKo-I-cn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw Ahsâ "al-¯mb Imcp-Wy-¯n\p' \µn ImWn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ a\p-jysc imkn-¨p-sIm-WvS ­v IpÀ-B³ ]d-bp¶p:
       ""`qan-bn \n§sf ]c-¯n-bn-«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv Ah-\m-Wv. AhsâbSp-¡Â¯-s¶-bmWv \n§sf sImWvSp-t]mbn tiJ-cn-¡p-I. Pohn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw acn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xpw cm¸-I-ep-I-fpsS amä-§sf \nb-{´n-¡p-¶Xpw Ah-\m-Wv. \n§Ä {Kln-¡p-¶ntÃ? AÃ, ]qÀÆn-I-·mÀ ]d-ªn-cp-¶-t]mse Chcpw ]d-ªp. ChÀ ]dªp: R§Ä acn¨p a®pw FÃp-am-bn-¯oÀ¶m R§sf Fgp-t¶Â¸n-¡ptam?. R§Ä¡pw R§Ä¡p ap¼p ]nXm-¡Ä¡pw Cu Xm¡oXp e`n¨p Ign-ªn-«pWvS v. ]qÀÆn-I-·m-cpsS sI«p-I-Y-IÄ am{X-am-Wn-Xv.''
       XpSÀ¶v A¶s¯ Ad-_n-I-tfmSv Nne tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¡m³ AÃmlp \_n-tbmSv Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p.
       ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS sI«p-I-Y-IÄ am{X-am-WnXv F¶p IpÀ-B³ kqà-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v P\-§-fn hen-sbm-cp-hn-`m-K-¯n\v A`n-{]m-b-ap-WvSm-bn-cp-¶p. C¡mcyw Xpd¶p ]d-bm\pw C¯cw IY-I-fn X§Ä h©n-X-cm-hn-söp \_n-sbbpw Iq«p-Im-scbpw t\sc- sNmtÆ [cn-¸n-¡m\pw X¿m-dmb [oc-·m-cmb Iptd a\p-jycpw Ahn-sS-bp-WvSm-bn-cp-¶psh¶v IpÀ-B³ Xs¶ km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. apl-½-Zp-\_n {]hm-N-I-Xz-hm-Z-ap-¶-bn-¨-Xn-t\-¡mÄ I]-S-hmZw thsd-bn-sÃ-¶p-hm-Zn-¨-hsc Ipdn-¨v, At±lw kXy-k-Ô-\m-sW¶p Chcpw k½-Xn-¨n-cp-¶p-sh¶p \mW-an-ÃmsX BhÀ¯n¨p sImWvtS--bn-cn-¡p¶ Nne-cpWvSv!
       Ad-_n-IÄ¡n-S-bn-epWvSm-bn-cp¶ kXy-tim-[-Isc t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ \_n¡v hmZ-ap-J-§-sfm-¶p-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. Ch-cp-¶-bn¨ hmZ-§tfm?
       {]k-à-amb Nne {]iv\-§Ä Cu kXy-tim-[-IÀ D¶-bn-¨p.
       apl-½Zp \_ntbm B Ime-L-«-¯nse hnizm-kn-Itfm BZy-ambn t\cn-tS­n h¶sXm¶p-aà tNmZy-§-sf¶pw IpÀ-B³ Xs¶ ]d-bp-¶p. Npcp-§n-b-]£w "AÃmlphns\-¦nepw hyà-ambn adp-]Sn ]d-bm³ Ign-tb-WvS-XtÃ? Ime-L-«-§-fn-eqsS hlvbnsâ ]e ]Xn-¸p-IÄ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯nbpw tX¨p-an-\p-¡nbpw ]cn-jv¡-cn¨v F{Xbpw kpµ-chpw hniz-k-\o-b-hp-amb Hcp adp-]Sn \ÂIm³ Ign-bm¯ AÃm-lpthm?.
       P\-§Ä D¶-bn¨ Bt£]w AhÀs¡-Xnsc Xncn¨pw ]d-bp-I-am-{X-am-Wp- WvSm-b-Xv. "]qÀÆn-I-·mÀ ]d-ªn-cp-¶-t]mse Chcpw ]dªp F¶-XmWv IpÀ-B-\n-se-¯s¶ hmIyw. ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS ]gb sI«p-I-Y-IÄ am{X-am-WtÃm \_n ]dbp¶-sX¶p P\-§Ä ]d-bp-t¼mÄ ]WvSpw Cu IY-IÄ tI« P\-§Ä Cu Bt£]w D¶-bn-¨n-cp-¶tÃm F¶p adp-]-Sn.
       ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS ]g-¦-Y-IÄ BhÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xp- sIm-WvsS-´p{]tbm-P-\-sa¶ tNmZy-¯n\v \n§-fpsS ]qÀÆn-IÀ ]d-ª-Xp-t]mse ]d-bp-¶-h-cmWp \n§Ä F¶p adp-]Sn ]d-bp-¶-Xp- sIm-WvsS´p hntijw? Bsc-bmWv Cu adp-]Sn Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯pI?. Fs´-¦nepw t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ C¯cw adp-]-Sn-IÄ DX-Iptam? sI«p-I-Y-Ifpw Ah-bpsS \ncm-I-c-Whpw Ime-L-«-§-fn-eqsS XpSÀ¶p sImWvSn-cn-¡p¶p F¶ hkvXp-X-bpsS Hcp ØncoI-c-W-¯n-\p-X-Ip-am-bn-cn-¡mw.
       bYmÀ°-¯nsâ AhÀ D¶-bn¨ hmZ-§Ä X\Xpcq]-¯n Ah-ti-jn-¸n-¡m³ apÉnw-IÄ X¿m-dm-bn-«p-­m-Iptam?. B hmZ-§Ä AtX cq]-¯n IpÀ-B-\n \n¶p IWvsS-Sp-¡m-\m-Iptam? ac-Wm-\-´c PohnXw ]g-¦-Y-bm-sW¶pw X§ ¡-Xn hniz-kn-¡m-\m-hn-söpw sh«n-¯p-d¶p ]d-ª-hÀ `qanbpw "Ggm-Im-i-§fpw' "al-¯mb knwlm-k-\hp'aS¡w kI-e-Xn-sâbpw A[n-]³ AÃm-lp-hm-sW¶v \_n-tbmSp k½-Xn-¡ptam? \_n-bpsS hnaÀi-Isc Bi-b-¡p-g-¸-ap-Å-h-cmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡m³ IpÀ-B-\n \S-¯p¶ {iaw ImWpI:
2)     Hcp kwhm-Z-¯nsâ A\zm-Jym\w?
       AÃmlp apl-½-Zp-\-_n¡p amÀ¤-\nÀt±iw \ÂIp-¶p.
       \o tNmZn-¡pI: ""\n§Ä Adn-hp-Å-h-cm-sW-¦n `qanbpw AXn-ep-Å-hcpw BÀ¡p-th-­n-bmWv? AhÀ ]dbpw ""AÃm-lp-hn\v'' \o ]d-bpI ""A§-s\-bm-sW-¦n \n§Ä Nn´n-¡p-¶ntÃ?'' \o tNmZn-¡p-I, ""Ggm-Im-i-§-fp-sSbpw al-¯mb knwlm-k-\-¯n-sâbpw \mY³ BcmWv? AhÀ ]d-bpw, ""AÃm-lp-hn-\p-Å-XmWv'' \o tNmZn-¡p-I, ""A§-s\-bm-sW-¦n \n§Ä kq£vaX ]men-¡p-¶ntÃ? ""Im¯p-c-£n-¡p-Ibpw Im¯p-c-£-n¡s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw FÃm-än-sâbpw B[n-]Xyw Xsâ ssII-fn hln-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-h³ Bsc¶v \n§Ä Adn-hp-Å-h-sc-¦n ]d-bpI F¶v \o tNmZn-¡p-I. AhÀ ]d-bpw, ""AÃm-lp-hn\v'' ]ns¶-sb-§s\ \n§Ä h©n-X-cm-hp-¶psh¶p \o tNmZn-¡p-I.''(2)
       \_n-bpsS {]hm-N-I-Xz-hm-Z-aw-Ko-I-cn-¨-h-sc-¡mÄ hnUvVn-I-fm-bn-cp¶p \ntj-[n-IÄ F¶p hcp-¯n-¯oÀ¡m-\mWv {iaw.
       F{X IpÕn-X-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶p t\m¡p: Ah-tcmSp tNmZn-t¡­ Imcyw-Xs¶ CÃ! AÃm-lp-hn-¶-dnbmw Ah-sc-´mWv ]d-bm³ t]mIp-¶-sX-¶v. ""AÃm-lp-hn\v'' F¶p-Xs¶bmbn-cn¡pw Ah-cpsS adp-]Sn. asäm¶pw AhÀ¡p ]d-bm-\p-­m-hn-söpw hyà-ambn AÃm-lp-hn\v t_m[y-ap­v!.
       Hmtcm tNmZy-¯n\pw AÃm-lp-hn\v F¶p adp-]Sn ]d-tb-WvS-Xn\v apI-fnÂI WvS tNmZy-§Ä H¶p tNmZn-¨p-In-«m³ Im¯n-cn-¡p-I-bm-b-cp¶p B P\-X-sb¶p tXm¶pw B `mKw hmbn-¡p-t¼mÄ! C{Xbv¡p hnUvVn-I-fm-bn-cp-¶pthm B \ntj-[n-IÄ? AÃmlp DWvSp-v F¶p hniz-kn¨ \ntj-[n-IÄ, AhÀ¡n-S-bnep-WvS-m-bn-cp-s¶-¦n Ahcpw Hcp Xc-¯n AÔ-hn-izm-kn-IÄ Xs¶.
       bYmÀ°-¯n \S¶ Hcp kwhm-Z-¯nsâ A\zm-Jym-\-amtWm \mw apI-fn IWvSXv? F¦n t_md-Sn-¸n-bv¡m³ hcp¶ Hcp a\p-jys\ t\cs¯ ]d-ªp-hn-Sm³ th­n ]cn-lm-k-]qÀÆw AhÀ ]dª adp-]-Sn-I-fm-bn-cn-¡ntà CXv? IpÀ-B-\n A_-Ô-h-im IS¶p IqSn-t¸m-b-Xmhpw F¶p Icp-Xp-I. Pn_vco F¶ ae¡v BhÀ¯n-¨m-hÀ¯n¨v FUnäp sNbvXn«pw C§s\ sXäp-IÄ _m¡n-bm-hp-Itbm? (3)
       AÃmlp XpS-cp¶p: "hmkvX-h-¯n \mw AhÀ¡v kXyw NqWv-vSn-¡m-Wn¨p sImSp-¯p. AhÀ \pW ]d-bpI Xs¶-bm-Wv. AÃmlp Hcp k´m-\-s¯bpw kzoI-cn-¨n-«n-Ã. Ah-t\m-sSm¸w Hcp Bcm-[y-\p-an-Ã. A§s\ DWvSm-bn-cp-s¶-¦n Hmtcm ssZhhpw Xm³ krjvSn-¨-Xp-ambn t]mIp-Ibpw Ah-cn NneÀ Nne-cpsS t\sc anI-¨p-I-b-d-p-Ibpw sNbvtXs\! Ah-cpsS hÀ®-\-I-fn \ns¶Ãmw AÃmlp ]cn-ip-²-\s{X!''. (4)
       ssZh-¯n\p ]p{Xn-am-cp­v F¶p hmZn-¡p-¶-hÀ bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS I®n AÔhn-izm-kn-IÄ Xs¶. hmkvX-h-¯n AhÀ AÃm-lp-hnsâ AkvXnXzw \ntj-[n-¡m-¯-h-cm-Wv.
       IrkvXob hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sm-bn-cn-¡Ww Cu tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¨n-«p-­m-bn-cn-¡pI F¶p hmZn-¡mtam?. IrkvXob hnizm-kn-IÄ ]p\-cp-Öo-h\w \ntj-[n-¡ptam?.
       FÃm hn`m-K-¯n-sâbpw tNmZy-§-sf-Ãmw- IqSn Hcp t]mse Iq«n-¡p-g-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bmWv F¶p hyàw. {]]-©-L-S-\sb Ipdn¨v C¶v hfsc _men-i-sa¶v \ap-¡p-tXm-¶p¶ [mc-W-IÄ am{Xw km[y-am-bn-cp¶ Hcp Ime-L-«-am-bn-cp¶p AsX¶p IqSn HmÀ¡p-I.
       ta hnh-cn¨ (84 apX 91 hsc-bp-Å)  kqà-§-fnÂ\n¶v Hcp Imcyw a\-Ên-em-¡mw. Ggm-Im-i-§Ä, knwlm-k-\w, Ah-bp-sS-sbÃmw A[n-]-\mb AÃmlp F¶o sI«p-I-Y-IÄ ktµ-l-te-i-ta-Xp-an-ÃmsX ka-Im-eo\ Ad_n P\X AwKo-I-cn-¡p-sa¶v \_n Icp-Xn-bn-cp-¶p. AY-hm, CsXm¶pw Ad_v P\-Xbv¡v ]pXnb ]mT-§-f-Ã. {]mIr-X-amb A¶s¯ [mc-W-IÄ Ipsd NnX-dnb kqN-\-I-fn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡pI am{X-amWv IpÀ-B-\nÂ.
3)     Ahy-à-X-bmWo {]am-W-¯nsâ khn-ti-jX
       apÉnw aX hnizm-kn-I-fm-I-s«, bYmÀ°-¯n \S¶ Hcp kwhm-Z-¯nsâ ]p\-cm-Jym\w Xs¶-bmbn Cu `mKw IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡m-\mWv km²y-X.
       bYmÀ°-¯n \S-¶-Xm-sW-¦n Xs¶ \_nbpw Ad-_n-I-fn Hcp {]tXyI {Kq¸pw X½n-epÅ kwhm-Z-am-sW¶v F§s\ Dd-¸n-¡m³ Ignbpw? Bsc-Ãm-am-bn-cp¶p kwt_m-[n-XÀ? AÃm-lp-hns\ ]cm-i-àn-bmbn AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-hcpw F¶m _nw_-§sf iàn-Ip-dª ssZh-§-fmbn IW-¡m¡n Bcm-[n-¡p-¶-hcpw B Iq«-¯n-ep-­m-Ipw. ssZh-¯n\v ]p{Xt\m ]p{Xn-amtcm D­m-Ip-¶-Xn Imcy-amb Akmw-K-Xy-sam¶pw ImWm-Xn-cp¶ hn`m-K-§fpw Cu  Iq«-¯n-ep-­m-bn-cp-s¶¶p a\-Ên-em-¡mw. CXn-s\Ãmw ]pdsa Nne `uXn-I-hm-Zn-IÄ IqSn Ch-cn DÄs¸-«n-cp-¶n-cn-¡mw.
       `uXn-I-hm-Z-¯nsâ Imcy-¯n {]mIr-X-amb [mc-W-Itf ]e {]iv\-§sf kw_-Ôn¨pw AhÀ¡p-WvSm-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡m³ CS-bp-Åp. F¦nepw \njv]-£sc Imcyw t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ X¿m-dpW vtSm F¶p sh«n-¯p-d-¶p- Xs¶ AhÀ \_n-tbmSp tNmZn¨p F¶p A\p-am-\n-¡mw. \_n-bpsS Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§Ä icn-bm-sW¶p t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ AhÀ shÃp-hn-fn-¨n-cn-¡pw. Cu {]iv\-§-fn Dul-§sf ]n³]-äm-\pÅ ]gptX kXym-t\z-jn-IÄ¡p thWvSn IpÀ-B³ Ah-ti-jn-¸n-¨n-«p-Åp.
       ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS ]g-¦-Y-IÄ s]mSn-X-«nbpw tX¨p-an-\p-¡nbpw Bfp-Isf ]än-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-]-Icw ]WvsSt§m acn-¨p-t]mb X§-fpsS ]qÀÆ ]nXm-¡sf AÃm-lp-hnsâ klm-b-t¯msS ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n¨p ImWn-¡p-hm-\mWv \_n-tbmSv \m«p-Im-cpsS shÃp-hn-fn. AÃm-lp-hnsâ klm-bhpw A\p-{K-l-hp-apÅ kXy {]hm-N-I-\m-sW-¶m-WtÃm Ah-Im-i-hmZw? F¦n CbmÄ¡v XoÀ¨-bmbpw AÛp-X-§Ä ImWn-¡m³ Ign-bpw. Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§Ä icn-bm-sW¶p t_m[y-am-bm Cu a\p-jysâ aXw AtX-]Sn AwKo-I-cn¡mw F¶p hf-¨p-sI-«n-ÃmsX AhÀ ]d-ªn-cn-¡mw.
       {]Xy-£-amb sXfn-hmWv Cu Iq«À Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. \½psS ]tc-X-\mb kmbn-_m-_-bpsS tijn-t]mepw apl-½-Zp-\-_n-¡p-­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã, XoÀ¨. X\n-¡p-ap¼v {]t_m-[\w \S-¯nb ]e \_n-amcpw AÛp-X-Ir-Xy-§Ä P\-§Ä¡p-ap-¼msI Ah-X-cn-¸n¨v ImWn-¨-Xmbn "AÃmlp' Xs¶ apl-½-Zv\-_n¡v hnhcw \ÂIn-bn-«p-­v. Chn-sS-bnXm P\-§Ä AtX Bhiyw D¶-bn-¡p-¶p. Ahsc Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯m³ X\nt¡m "AÃmlp' hnt\m Ign-bn-söv \_n-Xz-hm-Zn¡v ]qÀ®-t_m-[y-apWvSp- v Xm\pw.
       tNmZy-IÀ¯m-¡-fnse hnhn[ {Kq¸p-I-fpsS hàm-¡Ä¡v Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw _m[-I-amb thsd thsd adp-]-Sn-IÄ ]d-bp-¶-Xn-\p-]-Icw Bi-b-¡p-g¸w krjvSn-¡m-\mWv {ian-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
       ]cm-aÀi -hn-t[-b-amb kqà-§Ä H¶p-IqSn ASp-¯p-]-cn-tim-[n¨p t\m¡p.
       Cu tNmZy-IÀ¯m-¡-sfÃmw AÃm-lp-hn hniz-kn-¡p-¶p-sh-¦n ]ns¶ XÀà-¯n\p {]kàn hfsc hfsc Ipd-bp-¶p.
       Ah-sc-Ãm-hcpw Hcp- t]mse AÃm-lp-hnsâ krjvSn-I-Y-bnepw ac-Wm-\-´cw ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¡p¶ {]{I-b-bnepw hniz-kn-¨n-cp¶p F¶p hcptam?
       A§s\ Icp-Xm³ \ymbw ImWp-¶n-Ã.
4)     Znhym-Ûp-X-§Ä: {]N-c-Whpw bmYmÀ°y-hpw.
       AÛp-X- IrXyw ImWn-¡-W-sa¶ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Bh-iy-¯n-\p-ap-¼n apl-½-Zp-\_n ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-I-X-s¶-bm-Wp-WvSm-b-Xv. acn¨ GsX-¦nepw Hcmsf Xsâ Ime¯v \_n ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¨-Xmbn apÉnw-IÄ Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sm-dn-ÃtÃm?
       thW-am-bn-cp-s¶-¦n AÃm-lp-hn\v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v ]d-bp-¶Xv hyÀ°-am-Wv. ap¼v A¯cw [mcmfw Znhym-Ûp-X-§Ä þ AÃm-lp-hnsâ ]¡Â tÌm¡p-WvSm-bn-cp-¶-sXÃmw Xocp-¶-Xp-hsc? þ {]hm-N-I-·mÀ¡p-th­n \ÂIn-bn-«p-WvsS¶v IpÀ-B-\n IY-I-fpWvSv. P\-§Ä A¯cw IY-IÄ shdp-sX-b§p hniz-kn-¡p-sa¶p Icp-Xm-\pÅ auVy-sam¶pw Hcp AÃm-lp-hn\v DWvSm-Im³ ]mSn-Ãm-¯-Xm-Wv.
       kpsse-am³ \_n¡v Imäns\ AÃmlp A[o-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-Sp-¯p. am{X-a-Ã, Nne ]nim-Np-¡sf \nb-{´n-¡m-\pÅ {]tXyI Ah-Im-ihpw \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶-s{X. (5)
       aqkm-\_n I¬sI«p hnZy-Im-Wn¨p ^nÀ-Hus\ shÃp-hn-fn-¨p. (6)
       bq\pk v \-_nsb aÕyw hngn§n; aÕy-¯nsâ hb-än \n¶pw Bt±-ls¯ ]c¶p InS-¡p¶ Hcp kap-{Z-Xo-c-t¯¡v AÃmlp FSp-s¯-dn-ªp. (7)
       hr²\pw a¨n¡pw Hcp ]p{X-\p-­m-Im³ AÃmlp Dt±-in-¡p¶p þ blvbm  \_n ]nd-¡p-¶p. (8)
       ]pcpj kv]Ài-an-ÃmsX Hcp kv{Xo¡v aI-\mbn Cukm-\_n P\n-¡p-¶p. (9)
       \mep-]-£n-Isf sh«n \pdp¡n amwkhpw Xqhepw Iq«n-¡-eÀ¯n IptdsÈ hyXyØ ]ÀÆ-X-§-fn sh¨v Ahsb hnfn-¨m Ah-b-h-§Ä ]c-kv]cw ]mdn-h¶v H¶n-¨p-tNÀ¶v C{_m-lnw-\-_n¡v D¯cw \ÂIp¶ kw`-hhpw IpÀ-B-\n ImWmw. (10)
       Cukm-\_n AÃm-lp-hnsâ IÂ]\ {]Imcw Ifn-a-®p-sIm­v ]£n-bpsS cq]-ap-­m-¡p-Ibpw AXn DuXn AXns\ ]£n-bm-¡p-I-bpw sNbvXp. AÔ-s\bpw shÅ-¸m-WvUp-Im-c-s\bpw kpJ-s¸-Sp-¯n. ac-W-a-S-ª-hsc Pohn-¸n-¨p. (11) AÃmlp DWvsS¶p hniz-kn-¡m³ Ign-ªm ]ns¶-sb-s´-¦nepw DWvSm-bn-¡qS F¶p ]d-bm³ BIptam? AÃmlp DWvSm-Im³ km[y-X-bn-söp a\-Ên-em-bn«pw thZ-{]-am-W-§Ä ]cn-jv¡-cn¨v Bfp-Isf ]än-¡m-sa¶p tamtU-Wn-Ìp-IÄ hymtam-ln-¡p-IbmtWm?
       Znhym-ÛpX IY-IÄ ]dªp R§sf A§s\ ab-¡m³ t\mt¡­; AsXms¡ ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS ]g-¦-Y-I-fn-ep­v F¶p \_n-bpsS hnaÀi-IÀ At±-l-¯nsâ Ime-¯p-Xs¶ hyà-ambn ]d-ª-Xmbn a\-Ên-em-¡mw.
       F¶m Cu hn[-apÅ Hcp Znhym-Ûp-Xhpw ImWn-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ ØnXn-bn-embn apl-½-Zp-\-_n-bpsS Ime-am-b-t¸m-tg¡pw AÃmlp! (12)
5)     AÃm-lp-hnsâ {]Xn-Ñmb IpÀ-B-\nÂ
       thsdbpw AÃm-lp-amcpw AÃm-lp-amÀ¡v a¡fpw DWvSm-bn-cp¶p F¶pw Hcp AÃm-lpsh knwlm-k-\-Øm-\m¡n aäp ssZh-§Ä Imcy-§Ä \S-¯p-I-bm-sW¶pw aäpw ]gb Ad-_n-IÄ¡v hmZ-ap-­m-bn-cp¶p F¶v Icp-Xp-I. NnIªp t\m¡n-bm IWvsS-¯m-hp¶ adp-]-Sn-sb-´mWv? IpÀ-B³ \ÂIp¶ adp-]Sn XnI¨pw ZpÀ_-e-am-Wv.
       Hmtcm ssZhhpw Xm³ krjvSn-¨-Xp-am-bn-t¸m-Ip-Ibpw Ah-cn NneÀ Nne-cpsS t\sc anI¨p Ib-dp-Ibpw sNbvtXs\ F¶v! 
       C{X-sbms¡ ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw kÀÆ-i-àn-Xzhpw Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp¶ AÃm-lp-hnsâ IÂ]\ Ah-K-Wn-¡m³ C_veokn\p Ign-ªtÃm? C_veoknsâ ssk\yw {]Xn-Zn\w iàns¸«psImWvSn-cn-¡p-¶p.
       bYmÀ°-¯n C_veokpw Hcp AÃmlp Bbn-cpt¶m? IpÀ-Bsâ AÃmlp C_veokn\p-t\sc anI-¨p-I-b-dn-b-XmtWm? Xpey iàn-I-fm-b-Xp-sIm­v C_veokn-s\-¡p-dn¨v ]c-Zq-jWw ]c-¯m\pw Xsâ ssk\y-¯n-te¡v ASn-a-t_m[w am{Xw X\-Xm-bpÅ Ipsd a\p-jysc kwL-Sn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¡m\pw AÃmlp \S-¯p¶ ZpÀºe {ia-¯nsâ ^e-amtWm CÉmw-aXw? ]T-\-aÀln-¡p¶ Hcp {]iv\w Xs¶-bmWv CXv hnizm-kn-Isf kw_-Ôn-t¨-S-t¯mfw. bYmÀ°-¯n C_veokv Hcp ssZh-am-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ, Xm¡m-en-I-]-cm-P-b-¯n \n¶v At§À Hcn-¡Â tamNn-X-\mbn AÃm-lpsh Iog-S¡n {]]-©-amsI hmgp-sa-¦n Cu apÉnw-I-fp-sS-sbms¡ ØnXn-sb-´mIpw?
       AÃmlp DWvsS-¶p-h-¶m¯s¶ C¯cw [mcmfw {]iv\-§Ä¡v D¯cw I Wv-sS-t¯-­n-h-cpw. lnkv_p-Ãmln (A-Ãm-lp-hnsâ ]mÀ«n) bntem C_veoknsâ kulr-Z-kw-L-¯ntem GXn-emWv AwK-Xz-sa-Sp-t¡-WvSXv F¶ {]iv\w [mÀ½n-I-aq-ey-§Ä¡p-th­n \ne-sIm-Åp¶ hnizm-kn-IÄ Ds­-¦n AhÀ¡p-Xs¶ Nn´m-¡p-g-¸-ap-­m-¡m³ t]m¶-Xm-Wv.
       AÃmlp kÀÆ-Kp-W-k-¼qÀ®-\m-sW-¶mWv apÉnw-IÄ Icp-Xp-¶-Xv. AÃm-lp-hn-\p-Xs¶ asämcp AÃm-lp-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hn`m-h-\-sb-´mWv? Ah-\-h-s\ -¡p-dn¨v HcmÄ¡pÅ [mc-W-bp-ambn Ahiyw _Ô-s¸-«-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-atÃm A\y-sc-¡p-dn¨v AbmÄ¡pÅ [mc-Wbpw? aÕ-c-_p-²nbpw Ak-ln-jvWp-Xbpw ImcWw kam-[m-\s¯¡pdn¨pw kl-hÀ¯n-Xz-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw DÅ k¦Â]-§Ä AÃm-lp-hn\v km[y-ta-bÃ! ae-¡p-Isf ASn-a-I-sf-t¸mse sNmÃn\pw hnfn¡pw \nÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv F¶v s]m§¨w ]d-bp-I-bmtWm F¶v Bsc-¦nepw kwi-bn-¨m Ahsc Ipäw ]d-bm³ Ign-bptam? X\n¡v Iogvs¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bmsX hcn-Ibpw DuÀP-kz-e-ambn IÀ½m-\p-jvT-\p-§-fn DÕp-I-cm-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ \qdp \qdp ssZh-§sf t\m¡n, Xs¶ hW-§p-¶-h-cmWo ae-¡p-IÄ F¶p hrYm kz]v\w ImWp¶, Hcp ZpÀ_-esâ Nn{Xw AÃm-lp-sh-¡p-dn-¨v cq]o-I-cn-s¨-Sp-¡m³ Gsd hnj-a-sam-¶p-an-Ã.
       ssZhn-Itam ssZhn-I-hn-cp-²tam Bb "^âkn'Ifn A`n-c-an-¡p-¶-Xn bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ H«pw DÕp-I-cà F¶p aX-{]-Nm-c-Isc CSbv¡v HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. \_n-bpsS hnaÀi-I-scÃmw ]cn-ip-²-cm-bn-cp-¶p F¶p {]Jym-]n-¡mt\m Ah-scÃmw bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v hcp-¯n-¯oÀ¡mt\m H¶pw ChnsS {ian-¡p-¶n-Ã. Ad-_n-I-fp-am-bpÅ kwhm-Z-¯n \_n hnP-bn-¡p-¶nà F¶ hkvXpX hfsc {it²-b-ambn A\p-`-h-s¸Spw F¶p NqWvSn-¡m-«pI am{X-am-Wv. i_vZ tImem-l-e-§Ä¡n-S-bn CsXm¶pw AhÀ¡p {i²n-¡m³ Ign-ªn-«n-Ãm-bn-cp-s¶-¦n Ahsc HmÀ½n-¸n-¡m³ bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ PmK-cp-I-cmbn cwK-¯p-­v.
       ]g-¦-Y-I-fn A`bw Is­-¯p-¶-Xn\p ]Icw hyà-amb [mc-W-IÄ¡p-thWvSn NÀ¨-I-fn-teÀs¸-S-W-sa¶p \nÀº-Ô-apÅ Ipsd-t¸-sc-¦nepw A¶v Ad-_n-IÄ¡n-S-bn-epWvSm--bn-cp¶p F¶p ImWmw.
       F¶m apl-½-Zp-\_n sNbvX-Xm-Is« ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS sI«p-I-Y-IÄ BhÀ¯n-¡pI am{X-am-Wv. C¡m-cy-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Ad-_n-I-fpsS hnaÀi\w IpÀ-B-\n¯s¶ ]e {]mhiyw ]cm-aÀin-t¡-WvSn-h-¶p. (13)
       ]qÀÆnI {]hm-N-I-·m-cnÂ\n¶v hyXy-Ø-\m-tbm, IqSp-X _p²n-]-c-ambn {]Xn-I-cnt¨m AÂ]-sa-¦nepw apl-½-Zp-\-_n¡p anI-¨p-\n¡m³ Ignªp F¶p anÉnw ]cn-jv¡-cW thj-¡mÀ¡p hmZ-apt­m? ]g-¦-Y-I-fpsS hnc-k-amb BhÀ¯-\s¯ AXyp-Zm-¯-amb "Znhym-ÛpX' ambn¡cp-X-W-sa¶ hmin A{X `wKn-bmbn tXm¶p-¶n-Ã.
6)     PoÀ®hpw A{]-k-à-hp-amb {KÙ-§Ä Dt]-£n-¡pI
       A¶s¯ Ad-_n-I-fpsS [mc-W-tbmsS¯p \n¡p¶ {]]-©-¯nsâ tamU IpÀ-B-\n \n¶v cq]o-I-cn-s¨-Sp-¡mtam? `qanbpw Ggm-Im-i-§fpw al-¯mb knwlm-k-\hpw AS¡w DÄs¸-Sp-¶-XmWv AXv F¶v [cn-¸n-¡pw-hn-[-amWv kqà-§Ä  cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-ÅXv. hyà-amb sXfn-hp-I-fpsS A`m-h-¯n {_Òm-WvU-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Ah-cpsS [mc-W-sb-´m-bncp-¶p-sh-¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨v Nne \nK-a-\-§Ä cq]n-I-cn-¡mt\ Ign-bq.
       {]]© krjvSn NqWvSn-¡m«n AÃm-lp-hnsâ tijnbpw ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw Du¶n-¸-dªv CÉmw-a-X-¯n-te¡v P\-§sf -B-IÀjn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶tÃm X{´w? AÃ-lp-hn\p Hscmä Imcyw am{Xw sNbvXm aXn-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p. {]]-©-L-S-\-sb-¡p-dn¨v imkv{Xo-b-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p¶ Hcp sk£³ IpÀ-Bsâ `mK-am-¡p-I. AtX-¡p-dn-¨pÅ t_m[-h¡-c-W-sam-¶p-am{Xw aXn-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp¶p apÉnw-IÄ Úm\n-I-fm-sW¶pw A¶s¯ aäp Ad-_n-IÄ ]Sp-hn-UvVn-IÄ Bbn-cp-s¶¶pw sXfn-bn-¡m³. Hcp Xc-¯n-epÅ IpXÀ¡-¯n\pw ]ns¶ apÉnw-IÄ Hcps¼tS-WvS-Xp-WvSm-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶nÃ.F¶m C¶p apÉnw-IÄ \S-¯n-s¡mWvSn-cn-¡p¶ "kmlk'§Ä ImWp-t¼mÄ BÀ¡pw Ah-tcmSp kl-Xm]w tXm¶n-t¸m-Ipw.
       B Ime-L-«-¯nse [mc-W-IÄs¡m¯ Hcp {]]© k¦ev]w am{X-atà IpÀ-B-\n-eqsS Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨n-«p-WvSm--IpI? F¦n IpÀ-B-\n-te¡p imkv{Xw hf-cp¶p F¶ coXn-bn-epÅ C¶s¯ {]N-c-W-§Ä _p²n-iq-\ysc BIÀjn-¡m³ am{X-atà ]cym-]vX-amIq?.
       A¶s¯ Ad-_n-I-fpsS k¦-ev]-§Ä Aim-kv{Xo-b-am-bn-cp-s¶¶v AÃm-lp-hn\pw \_n¡pw Adn-bm-am-bn-cpt¶m? F¦n {]]-©-¯nsâ LS-\sb¡pdn¨v imkv{Xo-b-amb [mc-W-IÄ \ÂI-W-am-bn-cp-¶p. Hcp ]t£, a\p-jy-cm-in¡v AsXÃmw D]-I-cn-s¨-¦ntem F¶ tXm¶Â AÃm-lp-shbpw \_n-sbbpw H«pw kzm[o-\n-¨n-sÃt¶m? {]mIr-X-sa¶v apÉnw-IÄ Xs¶ hnti-jn-¸n-¡p¶ Ad-_n-I-fpsS k¦-ev]-§Ä sXäm-sW-¶-dn-ªn-«p-t]mepw kz´w {]hm-N-I-Xz-hm-Z-¯n\v sXfn-hm-bn \_n {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯ptam? hnth-I-apÅ Hcp a\p-jy\pw `qj-W-aà A§s\ sN¿p-¶Xv F¶p, hnaÀi-\-_p²ym Nn´n-¡m³ hnk-½-Xn-¡m¯ apÉnw-IÄ¡p-t]mepw AwKo-I-cn-t¡WvS-n-h-cpw.
       B[p-\nI kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS AI-¼-Sn-tbmsS {]]© cl-ky-§-fn-te¡v Dufn-bn-Sp-¶-Xn\p ]Icw X§Ä "ssK_n¿m'b hnÚm-\--¯nsâ* hàm-¡-fm-sW¶p hmN-I-a-Sn-¡p¶ Nne-cp-­v. cwK-t_m[w ad¶ tImam-fn-I-ftà C¡q-«À?.
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kqN\IÄ:
1.      IpÀ-B³, A²ymbw 23, kqà-§Ä 78 apX 83 hsc. tamtU-WnÌv XÀPa ]n´p-S-cm³ DS-\ofw ]c-am-h[n ]cn-{i-an-¨n-«pWv-sS¶v {]tXyIw {]kvXm-hn-¡-s«. 
2.     IpÀ-B³ 23: 84 apXÂ 91 hsc
3.     \_n ad-¡-W-sa¶v ssZh-am-{K-ln¨ kqà-§Ä ad-¡p-sa¶pw (17:86, 87:6,-7) A§s\ ad-¡p-I-tbm, ZpÀº-e-s¸-Sp-¯p-Itbm sN¿p-¶-h-bv¡p- Xp-eytam Ah-sb-¡mÄ t`Z-s¸-«tXm Bb kqà--§Ä AÃm-lp- sIm-­WvSp-h-cp-sa¶pw (2:106) IpÀ-B-\n- Â am{X-a-Ã, Pn_vco ImWn-¨p -sIm-Sp-¯-X-\p-k-cn¨v Ggp- cq-]-¯n \_n¡p IpÀ-B³ HmXm³ Ignªp F¶v klo-lm-b-l-Zo-kn h¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. (_p-lmcn þCN]cn-`m-j-bn 1324þmw \¼À)
4.     IpÀ-B³ 23:84 apXÂ 91 hsc
5.     IpÀB³ 21:81, 82
6.     IpÀ-B³ 20:56 apXÂ 63 hsc
7.     IpÀ-B³ 37:142 apXÂ 145 hsc
8.     IpÀ-B³ 3:38 apXÂ 41 hsc
9.     IpÀ-B³ 3:47
10.     IpÀ-B³ 2:260
11.     IpÀ-B³ 3:49, 5:110
12.     IpÀ-B³ 6:35, 11:12 etc.
13.     IpÀ-B³ 6:25, 8:31, 16:24, 25:5
*      ssZh-im-kv{X-sa¶ Hcp imkv{X-ap-s­WvS¶pw AXv AÚm-X-Im-cy-§sf¡pdn¨v {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p¶ imkv{X (?) amsW¶pw C¡q-«À Icp-Xp-¶-Xp-t]mse tXm¶p¶p Ah-sc-´mWp ]d-bp-¶-sX¶p hmkvX-h-¯n AhÀ¡p-Xs¶ Adn-bn-Ã. 


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                  3.imkv{X \nK-a-\-§Ä¡p t\sc. 


1.{]Xn-k-Ôn-bn \n¶v `uXn-I-hm-Zn-Isf amSn-hn-fn-¡p-¶-hÀ

       \mapw \ap-¡p-Np-äp-apÅ {]Ir-Xnbpw \½psS Adn-hnsâ taJ-e-IÄ¡pw A¸pdw DÅ ]ZmÀ°-¯n-sâbpw DuÀÖ-¯n-sâbpw hnhn[ cq]-§fpw AS¡w Fs´-Ãm-aptWvSm AsXms¡ tNÀ¶-XmWv A\m-Znbpw A\-´-hp-amb \--½psS {]]©w F¶p a\-Ên-em-¡m³ hnZym-k-¼¶À¡p {]bm-k-an-Ã. F¶m apÉnw-IÄ¡nS-bn ]c-am-_-²-§Ä {]N-cn-¸n-¡p¶ tUmIvSÀam-cp-sS-bpw, s{]m^-kÀam-cp-sSbpw F®w IqSn-sImWvSn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. C¡q-«-¯n Hcm-fpsS Imcyw ck-I-c-am-Wv. `uXn-I-hm-Z-¯nsâ ImX Bi-btam ]ZmÀ°tam {]mY-anIw F¶ {]iv\-am-sW¶v At±-l-¯n-\-dn-bmw. sF³Ìosâ kp{]kn² ka-hmIyw At±-ls¯ Bi-b-¡p-g-¸-¯n-em-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. DuÀÖhpw ]ZmÀ°hpw ]c-kv]cw ]cn-hÀ¯n-¸n-¡m-hp¶ Htc GIX Xs¶ F¶v hmbn-¡m³ hnh-c-ap-WvSm-bmÂt¸mepw, Rydnik s\ D²-cn¨v ]ZmÀ°w Hcp "i-àn'bmWv F¶p hmb-\-¡msc [cn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ t]mepw `uXn-I-hm-Zs¯ sF³Ìo³ ka-hmIyw \ho-I-cn¨v iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bm-Wv, IqSp-X hni-Zo-I-c-W-£-a-am-¡p-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-sX¶v a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn At±lw ]cm-P-b-s¸-«-Xmbn \Sn-¡p-¶p. DuÀÖw {]mY-an-I-am-sW¶v AwKo-I-cn-¨m "]ZmÀ°-hmZw' \ne-\n¸n-Ãm-¯-Xm-Iptam? ChnsS "ssZhw' F¶ t]cn AhÀ sImWvSp-\-S-¡p¶ Hcp AÔ-hn-izmkw DuÀÖw-t]mse Ft´m Bbn-cn-¡m-sa¶v P\-§sf [cn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ B[p-\nI aX-{]-Nm-c-I-cpsS IpÕnX {ia-¯nsâ DZm-l-cWw hyà-am-Wv.

      `uXnI ]ZmÀ°-§-fpsS Ne-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-ÃmsX DuÀÖw, iàn F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ k¦Â]-§Ä¡v AÀ°tam {]k-àntbm Csöv "AXo-X-bp-àn-hm-Zn-I-fmbn' ¨a-bp¶ Cu imkv{X-]-Sp-¡Ä¡v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ {]bm-k-ap-Å-Xp-sIm-­Ã C¯cw thj-hp-ambn Fgp-¶p-Åp-¶-Xv.

      imkv{X-t_m[w kmam\y hnZym-`ym-k-¯nsâ `mK-ambn apÉnw-IÄ¡n-S-bn thcq-¶n-¯p-S-§p-I-bpw, AÃm-lp, Ahsâ In¯m-_v, ae-¡p-IÄ, A´y-Zn-\w, ssJdv, iÀdv JZvdv XpS-§nb FÃm k¦Â]-§-sfbpw bpàn-Nn-´¡p hnj-bn-`-hn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ, aX-¯n\v imkv{X-¯nsâ ]Zm-h-en-IÄ IWvSam-\-sa-Sp¯v s]cp-amdn AÔ-hn-izmkw {]N-cn-¸n-¡m³ eÖm-te-i-ta-Xp-an-Ãm¯ Nne `njKz-c-·m-scbpw s{]m^-k-d-·m-scbpw aäpw Bh-iy-ambn h¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. Hcp AWp-t_mw-_nsâ kvt^mS-\-¯n \ns¶-¶-t]mse {]]-©-¯nsâ `bm-\-I-amb kvt^mS\-¯nÂ\n¶v DÂ`q-X-am-b-XmtWm AÃm-lp-sh¶ iàn? AtXm AÃm-lp-sh¶ A]-cn-ta-b-i-àn-bpsS L\o-`q-X-cq-]-amWv {]]-©-sa-¶m-bn-cn-¡ptam Ah-cpsS hmZw?

      "Xncp-hm-bvs¡-XnÀhmbn' Ãm¯ hnizm-k-{]-am-W-§-fp-ambn \S-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v AhÀ F¯n-s¸« _p²n-]-c-amb {]Xn-kÔn Adn-bm-sX-b-Ã. kwi-bn-¡p-I, tNmZyw-sN-¿p-I, At\z-jn-¡pI, ]co-£-W-¯n\p hnt[-b-am-¡pI F¶n-§s\bpÅ {]{In-b-I-sfm¶pw aX-cw-K¯v k¶n-th-in-¸n-¡m³ ChÀ¡v kzmX-{´y-an-Ã. AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ _p²n-]-c-ambn F´p-Xs¶ t_m²y-am-bmepw Ah AwKo-I-cn-¡m³ Iq«m-¡m-Xn-cn-¡pIbpw In¯m-_nsâ ]mT-§Äs¡-Xn-cmbn hcp¶ kn²m-´-§sf sXän-²-cn-¸n-¡m³ ]änb cq]-¯n Ah-X-cn-¸n¨p AXn-s\-Xnsc HcpXcw \ngÂbp²w \S¯n kzbw Xr]vXn AS-bp-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶-Xm-Wn-h-cpsS ]cn-]m-Sn. AKm-Y-X-{´-Ú-\m-sW¶v ChÀ Icp-Xp¶ AÃmlp CXp-sIm-s­Ãmw Xr]vXn-s¸-Sptam Bthm?.

      C¡q-«-cpsS FÃm hmZ-K-Xn-Ifpw, ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-Ibpw adp-]Sn ]d-bp-Ibpw sN¿p-I-sb-¶Xv {ia-I-c-amb tPmen-bm-Wv. X¡mew {]]-©-L-S-\-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ imkv{X-kn-²m-´-§Ä Hcp s{]m^-kÀ a\-Ên-em-¡n-b-sX-§s\ F¶ Hcp {]iv\w NÀ¨ sNbvXm imkv{X-t¯m-SpÅ "Zo\n' kao-]-\-coXn IqSp-X t_m[y-am-Ipw.

      ""{]]-©-¯nse FÃm hkvXp-¡fpw A\-´-amb km{µ-X-bpÅ B _nµp-hn HXp-§n-\n-¶p. imkv{X-Ú-·m-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯n B _nµp-hn \n¶pw {]]©w Hcp alm-kvt^m-S-\-¯n-eq-sS-bmWv \ne-hn h¶Xv''.

      {]]©w Hcp ]´p-t]mse sNdp-Xm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶pw.......................-A-Xnepwap¼v AXn-s\-¡mÄ sNdp-Xm-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡Ww F¶pw ]d-ª-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv taÂsIm-Sp¯ D²-c-Wn. ]´p-t]mse sNdp-Xm-bn-c¶ B km[\w {]]-©w-Xs¶ Bbn-cp-¶ntÃ? AXnepw ap¼v AXn-t\-¡mÄ sNdp-Xm-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡-W-sa¶p ]d-ªXpw {]]-©-s¯-¸-än-¯-s¶-btÃ? {]]©w hnI-kn-¨p-hn-I-kn¨p hcp-¶p-sh-¶-Xn-\À°w hnI-kn-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶Xv {]]©w Xs¶-bmWv F¶p-X-s¶-bsÃ?

      "B _nµp-hns\' {]]-©-sa¶p hnfn-¡-cp-sX-¶m-bn-cn-¡ptam Ch-cpsS hmZw? ]ns¶ F´m-bn-cn¡mw AXv? AÃm-lpthm? B _nµp-hnsâ kvt^mS\w sIm­p-t±-in-¡p-¶Xv B _nµp-hn HXp-§n-\n¶ {]]-©-¯nse FÃm hkvXp-¡-fp-sSbpw IqSn kvt^mS-\-asÃ? s]m«n-s¯-dn-¨Xv AÅm-lp-h-ÃtÃm? {Zhy-atÃ? kvt^mS-\-¯n\v ap¼pw {Zhy-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶tà CXn-\À°w? "_nKv_mMv' Xnbdn AÅmlp D­m-bn-cn-¡m-\pÅ km[y-X-bpsS {]iv\w Hcp Xc-¯nepw D¶-bn-¡p¶nÃ. ]ZmÀ°w-Xs¶ {]mY-anIw F¶ \ne-]mSv \ncm-I-cn-¡m\pw ]cym-]vX-a-Ã.

      Cu XXzw Ah-cp-¶-bn¡pw hn[-am-sW-¶p-Xs¶ Icp-Xp-I. B Ime¯v Cu _nµp-hn\p Npäpw Fs´-Ãm-amWv DWvSm-bn-cp-¶Xv? AÅmlp Bk-\Ø-\m-bn-cp-¶Xpw ae-¡p-Ifpw AÅm-lp-hnsâ AZr-iy-§-fmb aäp ]cn-hm-c-§fpw aäpw aäpw DWvSm-bn-cp-¶Xpw Fhn-sS-bmWv? Cu _nµp-hn-\-It¯m ]pdt¯m? ]pd-¯m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n {]]-©s¯ Bh-cWw sNbvXn-cn-¡m-hp¶ B Øe-¯n-s\-´mWv t]cv? AXv F§s\ Fhn-sS-\n¶v D WvSmbn? AÅm-lphpw ]cn-hm-c-§-fp-a-S¡w DÄt¨À¶n-cn-¡m-hp¶ B Bh-c-W-¯nsâ {kjvSm-hm-cm-bn-cp-¶n-cn¡mw?

      IY-bn tNmZy-an-Ã-tÃm, AtÃ? `uXn-I-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¡m\pw D¯-c-§Ä IWvsS-¯m\pw Ign-sª-¶p-h-cpw. aqV-]p-cm-W-§-fpsS Ie-hd kq£n-¸p-ImÀ¡v AXnseÃmw {]Xn-kÔn Is­-¯m³ {ian-¨p-sImWvSn-cn-¡mw. Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bmb AÅm-lp-hnsâ A\p-{K-l-¯m kz´w {]Xn-kÔn Ahsc H«pw Atem-k-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p-WvSm-hn-Ã.

      {]]© LS-\-sb-¡p-dn¨v At\z-jn-¡p¶ imJ-bn \ntXy-\-sb-t¶mWw ]pXnb, hnkvabw P\n-¸n-¡p¶, hnh-c-§Ä IWvsS¯ns-¡mWvtS-bn-cn--¡p¶p AXn B\µw A\p-`-hn-¡m³ Ign-bmsX AÀ°-iq-\y-amb hmZ-§Ä D¶bn-¡p-¶-h-sc-¡p-dn¨v lm IjvSw F¶p ]d-bmw.

2)   At\z-jW hoYn


      {]]-©-L-S-\-sb-¡p-dn-¨p-ff Kth-j-W-§-fn \nc-X-cmb imkv{X-Ú-·mÀ tamU \nÀ½n-Xn-I-fn-eqsS Ah-cpsS IWvsS¯-ep-IÄ IqSp-X AÀ°-k-¼p-jvS-am-¡m\pw ]pXnb \nK-a-\-§fpw {]h-N-\-§fpw \S-¯m³ km²y-X-I-fm-cm-bm\pw aäpw {ian-¡p-¶p. bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fp-ambn kwhm-Z-¯n\p hcp-t¼mÄ auen-I-hm-Zn-IÄ kz´w A\p-bm-bn-I-sf-sb-¦nepw sXän-²-cn-¸n-¡m-sa¶ IW-¡p-Iq-«-temsS Hcp X{´w {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. ÚmX {]]-©-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ kn²m-´-§Ä imiz-X- k-Xy-§-fmbn bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Icp-Xp¶p F¶ hymtP\ ]cn-lmkw \Sn-¨p-sIm­v IpXÀ¡-§-fn-teÀs¸-Sp-I-bmWv Ah-cpsS X{´w. imkv{X-cw-Ks¯ {]hÀ¯-IÀ¡v bpàn-`-{Z-amb Hcp tamU C¶p cq]o-I-cn-¡m³ Ign-bmsX hs¶¶p Icp-Xp-I. CÉmw-a-X-¯n\v \pgªp Ib-dm-\pÅ Fs´-¦nepw km[yX kwPm-X-am-Iptam? ikv{X-Ú-·mÀ ]mSp-s]«v kw`-cn-¡p¶ hnh-c-§Ä P\-§Ä hym]-I-ambn AwKo-I-cn-¨p-I-gn-ªm AsXms¡ apÉnw-I-fpsS aqV]p-cm-W-§-fn-ep-WvsS¶p hcp-¯n-¯oÀ¡m-\pÅ Kw`oc {]bXv\w asämcp hi¯pw \S-¡p-¶p-­v.

      Ahy-à-amb Bb-¯p-Isf ]pXp-Xmbn hymJym-\n¨pw hf-s¨m-Sn¨pw AhÀ¡p cq]o-I-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ [mc-W-Isfs´ms¡-bm-sW¶p hnhn[ {]kn-²o-I-c-W-§-fn-eqsS AhÀ \ap¡v t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯n-¯-cp-¶pWvS v. Cu ]cm-{I-a-§Ä ImWp¶ BÀ¡pw C¡q-«-tcmSv kl-Xm]w tXm¶pw. ]gb then-s¡-«p-IÄ s]mfn-¨p-sIm­v imkv{X-¯n-sâbpw bpàn-Nn-´-bp-sSbpw hàm-¡Ä apt¶-dp-t¼mÄ Ipsd-¡qSn hnkvXr-Xn-bn ]pXnb aXnÂs¡-«p-IÄ \nÀ½n-¡m³ H¶p X¿m-sd-Sp-¡Ww F¶ DÅn-en-cn-¸p-ambn NneÀ "kzX{´ Nn´' ¡pXs¶ Blzm\w \S-¯p¶ ImgvNbpw \½psS ap¶n Ac-t§-dn-.
      CÉmw-a-X-¯nsâ {]mam-Wn-I-X -Øm-]n-¡pI F¶ ZpÀÆm-in¡p hnt[-b-ambn am{Xta imkv{Xw ]Tn¡q F¶p NneÀ BZyta Xocp-am-\n-¨p-sh-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. F¦n CÉmw-aX {]am-W-§-fn hyà-ambn C¡m-cy-§Ä {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-cn-t¡WvS-XtÃ? ]c-¼-c-bmbn h¶ tI«p-tIÄhn-I-fpsS ]g-´p-Wn-s¡-«p-IÄ Agn-¨p-sh-¨v, X§Ä¡p tNcm¯ \mdnb DS-bm-S-IÄ FSp-¯-Wn-bmsX C¶s¯ imkv{X-¯n-sâbpw C¶s¯ kmt¦-XnI hnZy-I-fp-sSbpw tNtXm-l-c-amb hnkva-b-§-fn B\-µw-sIm-Åm³ apÉnw _p²n-Po-hn-Isf bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ kmZcw £Wn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. imkv{X ]£-]m-Xn-I-fm-bn-t¸m-sb-¦n R§sf Ipä-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Im-cy-an-Ã.
      hymJym-Xm-¡-fpsS hnÚm-\-\n-e-hm-c-¯n-s\m¯ [mcmfw kqà-]-cn-`m-j-IÄ apÉnw aX-{]-Nm-c-Isc ]pXnb {]Xn-k-Ôn-bn-e-I-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. imkv{Xw AXnsâ C¶s¯ ASn-Øm-\-§Ä Xs¶ amän-sb-¶n-cn-¡-s«. IpÀ-B³ hymJym-\-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm\w amdmsX \nÀÆ-l-an-sö ØnXn-h-cpw. IpÀ-B³ kqà-§Ä¡v AÀ°hpw {]k-ànbpw e`n-¡-W-sa-¦n \nco-iz-ccpw CÉm-ta-Xc aX-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw AS¡w tXSn¸nSn-¡p¶ hnh-c-§-fp-sSbpw D¶-bn-¡p¶ kn²m-´-§-fp-sSbpw klmbw Bh-iy-am-Ip-¶p.
      IpÀ-B-\nse Ahy-à-X-IÄ¡p ]ndsIt]mbn \miw hcp-¯n-sh-bv¡-cp-sX¶v IpÀ-B³ Xs¶ ap¶-dn-bn¸p\ÂIn-bn-«pWvSv. hni-Zo-I-cWw hÃXpw km[y-am-sW-¦n lZo-kp-I-sf-bmWv B{i-bn-t¡WvS--Xv. lZo-kp-IÄ FÃmw "^qÄ {]q^v' BsW¶p ]d-bm-s\m¶pw ]än-söp tamtU-Wn-Ìp-Ifpw k½-Xn-¡pw. hyà-ambn H¶pw ]d-bm-\n-Ãm-¯-hÀ ]ns¶ Fs´-¦nepw ]Tn-¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ imkv{X-]-£-]m-Xn-I-sfbpw kzX-{´-Nn-´-I-scbpw Atem-k-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-sX-´n\v?
      aX-]-cn-jv¡-c-Whpw auen-I-Xbpw Hcp-an¨v \S-¯p-I-bm-sW-¶p-ta\n \Sn-¡p-¶-hÀ t]mepw XÅn-¡-f-bm³ CS-bn-Ãm¯ {]am-W-§Ä Bkv]-Z-am¡n {]]-©-hn-Úm-\-¯n CÉmw aX-¯n\v F´p kw`m-h-\-bmWp \ÂIm-\p-Å-sX¶p ]Tn-¡msX Ah-cp-ambn kwhm-Z-¯n-teÀs¸-Sp-¶-Xn-eÀ°-an-ÃtÃm? A§s\ At\z-jn¨p sNÃp-t¼mÄ Adnbpw bpàn-c-ln-X-amb ]g¦-Y-IÄ ]pXn-b, ]Tn¨ Xe-ap-d-bpsS ap¼n Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bm-¯-Xn-\m imkv{X-¯n\p t\sc kacw Xncn-¨p-hn«v bphm-¡sf sXän-²-cn-¸n-¡m³ AhÀ {ian-¨p-sImWvSn-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW¶v. hf-s¨m-Sn-¡m³ Ign-bm-¯-hn[w hyà-ambn Bi-b-§Ä {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p¶ lZo-kp-IÄ hÃ-Xp-ap-s­-¦n AsXÃmw AhÀ¡v Fs´-¦nepw \ymbw ]dªp XÅn-¡-f-tbWvSn hcpw. ]e-t¸mgpw IpÀ-B\pw lZokpw X½n-epÅ ]c-kv]c sshcp-²y-§Ä¡p ]cn-lmcw \nÀt±-in-t¡WvS-Xmbpw hcpw. _plm-cn-bpsS lZokv kam-lmcw Ign-ªm Gähpw hniz-k-\o-b-ambn apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ Icp-Xp¶ "klolv apÉnw' t]mepw Ah-cpsS Ipe-Kp-cp-hnsâ hnaÀi-\-¯n\p ]m{X-am-hp-I-bp-   WvSm-bn. aäp Nne hnaÀi-I-cpsS t]cp-IÄ D¶-bn¨v B AI-¼-Sn-tbmsS C_v\p ssXan¿ ]d-bp-¶Xp ImWpI:
      "AXp {]Imcw At±lw \nth-Z\w sN¿p-¶p. ""AÃmlp i\n-bmgvN `qan krjvSn-¨p.'' Cu lZo-knepw At±-l-t¯-¡mÄ \n]p-W-cmb blvb C_v\p apCu³, Camw _pJmcn XpS-§n-b-hÀ `n¶m-`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. Chn-sSbpw kXyw A`n-{]m-b-`n-¶X {]I-Sn-¸n¨hcpsS `mK-¯m-Ip¶p IpÀ-B³, kp¶-¯v, CPvamAv F¶n-h-bm Øm]n-X-amb Hcp bmYmÀ°y-amWv AÃmlp BIm-i-`q-an-IÄ Bdp Znh-k-§-fn-embn krjvSn¨p F¶pw shÅn-bmgvN Znh-k-amWv BZ-ans\ krjvSn-¨Xv F¶pw D]-cn-kq-NnX lZokv AwKo-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n Ggv Znh-k-§-fn-emWv BIm-i-`q-an-Isf krjvSn-¨Xv F¶pw AwKo-I-cn-t¡-­n-hcpw F¶m {]]-©-krjvSn Bcw-`n-¨Xv Rmb-dm-gvN-bm-bn-cp¶p F¶Xv klo-lmb ]c-¼-c-tbmsS D²-cn-¡p¶ lZo-kp-I-fn Ønco-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-­v.'' (1)
      kXym-t\z-jW XÂ]-c-cmb bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v Aimkv{Xnbhpw Abp-àn-I-hp-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Isf FXnÀt¡-WvSn-hcpw AXn-\p-th­n kzbw k¶-²-ambn AhÀ¡p [mcmfw {]b-Xv\n-t¡-WvSXmbpw hcpw. AXv bpàn-hm-Zn-Isf kw_-Ôn-t¨-S-t¯mfw B\-µ-k-µm-bIw Xs¶-bm-Wv. kzÀ¤-e-_-[n-¡p-thWvSn \S-¯p¶ h{I-X-tb-¡mÄ aqey-ap-ÅXv k¦p-NnX kzmÀ°-X-bpsS t{]c-W-bn-ÃmsX kzX-{´-Nn-´-IÀ \S-¯p¶ kXy-kw-Øm-]-\-¯n-\p-Xs¶bmsW¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ hn\-bhpw \njv¡-f-¦-Xbpw am{Xta ssIap-X-embn thWvSq.
3)  CÉm-anse {]]-©-kr-jvSn-IY

      lZo-k-IÄ t]mepw apPm-ln-Zp-I-fpsS IS-¶m-{I-a-W-`o-j-Wn¡p hnt[-b-am-sW¶p IWvSp Ign-ªtÃm? F¶m lZo-kp-I-fpsS klm-b-an-ÃmsX CÉmw aX-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Imcy-am-sb-s´-¦nepw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ BÀ¡pw Ign-bp-I-bp-an-Ã. Cu Ah-Ø-bn lZo-kp-I-sfÃmw R§Ä XÅn-¡-f-ªn-«n-ÃtÃm F¶ adp-tNm-Zy-hp-ambn apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ¡p {]Xy-£-s¸-Sm³ Ign-bpw. ChnsS ]T-\-¯n\v B[m-c-am-sb-Sp-¡p-¶Xv klo-lp _plm-cn-bnse lZokv am{X-am-Wv. Ah CÉm-an-I-amtWm F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¨p-d-¸n-¡m³ IpÀ-B³ kqà-§sf B{i-bn-¡p-¶p. C§s\ cq]o-I-cn-¡p¶ "CÉm-anI {]]-©-kr-jvSn-IY' apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ ]pÑ-t¯msS XÅn-¡-f-bn-söp X¡mew \ap¡p {]Xo-£n-¡p-I:
      Cwdm-\n_v\p lpssk-\n \n¶pÅ Hcp lZokv dnt¸mÀ«v:
      ""(\-_n) Xncp-ta\n Acpfn:
      BZn-bn AÃmlp am{X-am-Wp-WvSm-bn-cp-¶-Xv. asämcp hkvXp-hp-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Ahsâ knwlm-k\w A¶v shÅ-¯n-\p- ao-sX-bmWv ØnXn sNbvXn-cp-¶-Xv. A§ns\ Ah³ G«n FÃm Imcy-§fpw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n, A\-´cw BIm-i-`q-an-Isf krjvSn-¨p.'' (2)
      Cu "{]]-t©m¯n kn²m´w' CÉm-an-I-am-sW-¶-Xn\p IpÀ-B³ kqà-§Ä sXfn-hmbn D²-cn-¡m³ Ignbpw:
      "BIm-i-§-sfbpw `qan-sbbpw Bdp Znh-k-§-fn-embn krjvSn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv Ah-\m-Wv. Ahsâ knwlm-k\w shÅ-¯n-t·-em-bn-cp-¶p. \n§-fn BcmWv IÀ½-¯n Gähpw \Ã-h³ F¶v ]co-£n-¡p-hm³, XoÀ¨-bmbpw \n§Ä ac-W-tijw ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cm-sW¶v \o Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-t¼mÄ \ntj-[n-IÄ ]dbpw: CXv hyà-amb am{´n-I-hn-Zy-b-ÃmsX asäm-¶p-a-Ã.'' (3)
      Pe-¯n-t·Â \S-¯nb krjvSn-IÀ½-¯n-\p-tijw AÃmlp {]]-©-hn-Imk {]hÀ¯\w \nÀÆ-ln¨ Imcyhpw IpÀ-B-\n tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-­v.
      "\ntj-[n-IÄ ImWp-¶n-tÃ, BIm--i-§fpw `qanbpw H«n-t¨À¶v \n¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. XZ-\-´cw Ah X½n \mw thÀs]-Sp-¯p-Ibpw Pe-¯n \n¶p kIe Poh-h-kvXp-¡-sfbpw DWvSm-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-sc-¶n«pw hniz-kn-¡p-¶n-Ã-tÃm.'' (4)
      `qansb icn-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv "BImi' ¯nsâ Imcy-¯n AÃmlp {i²n-s¨-sX¶ \nK-a\w JpÀ-B-\nIw Xs¶-sb¶p Ønco-I-cn-¡m³ B²ymbw 41þse Nne kqà-§ÄIqSn D²cn-¡mw.
      "`qansb cWvSp Zn\-¯n krjvSn¨-hs\ \ntj-[n-¡p-Ibpw Ah\v Xpey-i-àn-Isf DWvSm-¡p-I-bp-amtWm \n§Ä? Ah³ {]]-©-¯nsâ ]me-I-\m-Wv.'
      "AXn Ah³ AXnsâ D]-cn-`m-K¯v I\¯ ]ÀÆ-X-§Ä Øm]n-¡p-Ibpw AXn A\p-{K-l-ap-­m-¡p-Ibpw AXnsâ Blm-c-§Ä AXn-e-h³ IW-¡m-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \mep Znh-k-§-fn-em-bn, tNmZn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p ka-am-bn.'
      "]ns¶-b-hÀ BIm-i-¯n\p t\sc Xp\n-ªp. AXm-Is« ]pI-bm-Wv. A§s\ AXn-t\mSpw `qan-tbmSpw Ah³ ]dªp:
       ""kza-\-Êm-setbm \nÀº-Ôn-X-cmtbm \n§-fn-cp-hcpw hcn-I.'' Ah cWvSpw A\p-k-c-W-ap-Å-h-cmbn R§-fnXm h¶n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶p ]d-ªp.
      "F¶n«v c­p Znh-k-§-fn Ahsb Ah³ Ggv BIm-i-§-fm-¡n-¯oÀ¯p. Hmtcm BIm-i-¯nepw AXnsâ Imcys¯ Ah³ "hlvbv' Bbn Adn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Gähpw kao-]-¯pÅ BIm-is¯ Zo]-§-fm \mw Ae-¦-cn-¨p. Hcp kwc-£-I-ambpw {]Xm-]nbpw kÀÆ-Ú-\p-am-b-hsâ hyh-Ø-bm-W-Xv.' (5)
      C{X-bp-amWv AÃm-lp-hnsâ {]]-©-krjvSn IÀ½w. Ggp BIm-i-§-fm-¡p-¶-Xp-hsc GI-\mb AÃm-lp-Xs¶ kwK-Xn-IÄ \S-¯n. Bcp-sSbpw klm-b-an-Ãm-sX, Hcp Xpey iàn-tbbpw AwKo-I-cn-¡m¯ {]]© ]me-I³ Ipsd Znhk-§ÄsIm­m-WnXv km[n-¨-Xv.
      Hcp ]s£ AÃm-lp-hnsâ Hcp Znhkw \½psS {]Imi hÀj-§-fpsS Xs¶ F{Xtbm Cc«n hcp¶ am{X-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨p am{Xw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ Hcp kwJy-bm-bn-cn-¡mw. {]Xm-]n-bm-sW¶p {]tXyIw ]dª ØnXn¡v adn-¨p-am-hmw. s\mSn-bn-S-sb¶p \mw ]d-bp¶ ka-b-¯nsâ F{Xtbm sNdn-b-L-S-I-§sf Znhkw F¶À°w hcp¶ "buw' F¶ hm¡p-sImWvSpv hnh-£n-¨n-cn-¡mw. am{X-a-Ã, kpZoÀL-amb aWn-¡q-dp-I-fn ITn-\-ambn A²zm-\n¨p IjvS-s¸«p \S-¯p¶ Hcp {]hÀ¯n Bbn-cn-¡-cp-XtÃm AÃm-lp-hnsâ krjvSn IÀ½w. Fs´-¦nepw krjvSn-¡m³ AÃmlp Dt±-in-¨m DWvSm-hpI F¶v AXn-t\mSv IÂ]n-¡pI am{Xta thWvSp: "\½psS IÂ]-\, I®nsâ Ca-sh-«pw-t]mse Hscmä {]mhiyw am{X-am-Ip-¶p.' (6)
      aäv Bdv BIm-i-§Ä F´p-sN-bvXp, Ah-bnse kwhn-[m-\-§Ä Fs´-Ãm-amWv F¶o kwi-b-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¡m³ hyà-amb hni-Zo-I-c-W-§-fn-Ã. \½psS D]-I-c-W-§-fn-eq-sS-b-S¡w Adn-bm³ Ignª "(Úm-X) -{]-]©w' IpÀ-B³ Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p¶ {]]-©-¯n \n¶pw hyXy-Ø-am-Wv. FÃm Imcy-§fpw hni-Zo-I-cn-¨p-sImWvSp v {KÙ-a-h-X-cn-¸n¨p F¶Xv anX-amb `mj-bn ]d-ªm Aan-X-amb Hcp Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-am-Wv. kmam-\y-t_m-[-ap-Å-hÀ¡v ]cn-lm-ky-ambn tXm¶p¶ hni-Zo-I-c-W-§Ä sIm­v Xr]vXn-s¸-SpI am{Xta \ap¡p t]mwh-gn-bp-Åp. IpÀ-B-\n Ah C§s\ hmbn-¡mw.
      "Gähpw ASp-¯pÅ BIm-is¯ \mw hnf-¡p-IÄ sIm­v Aew-Ir-X-am-¡p-Ibpw ]nim-Np-IÄ¡p- thWvSn Fdn-bm-\pÅ D]-I-c-W-§-fm-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p. AhÀ¡v \mw I¯n-Pz-en-¡p¶ Aán-bpsS in£ X¿m-dm¡n sh¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.' (7)
      \n§Ä¡p aosX _en-jvT-§-fmb Gsg-®s¯ \mw \nÀ½n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.' (8)
      "\n§Ä t\m¡n-¡m-Wp-¶ntÃ? Ggm-Im-i-§sf ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-¸n-¨p-sImWvSp v  F§n-s\-bmWv AÃmlp krjvSn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv? (9)
      ss__n-fnse {]]-©-krjvSn IY-bp-ambn apÉnw-I-fpsS {]]-©-krjvSn IYbv¡p Nne Imcy-§-fn tbmPn-¸p-WvSp v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Pe-¯n \n¶v DbÀ¶p-s]m-§n-h¶ `qanbpw BIm-ihpw. F¶m ss__n-fnse IY-b-\p-k-cn¨v btlm-h-bmb ssZh-¯n\v hn{i-an-t¡-WvSn -h-s-¶¦n IpÀ-B-\nse AÃm-lpsh £oWw _m[n-¨-tX-bn-Ãs{X:
      "BIm-i-§-sfbpw `qan-sbbpw Ah-bv¡n-S-bn-ep-Å-h-sbbpw Bdp Znh-k-§-fn-emWv \mw krjvSn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. \s½ £oWw kv]Ài-¨n-«n-Ã.' (10)
      JtKmf imkv{X-cw-K¯v ]T\w \S-¯p¶ imkv{X-Ú-·mÀ IpÀ-B³ kqà-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n X§-fpsS Kth-jW ]cn-{i-a-§Ä Nn«-s¸-Sp-¯m¯v IjvS-am-bn-t¸m-sb¶p apÉnw ^WvSsaâ-en-k-¯nsâ bph-h-àm-¡Äs¡m¸w \ap¡pw ZpxJn-¡mw.
4)   krjvSn-I-Ybpw AÃm-lp-hnsâ BkvXn-Iy-hpw.

      F´n-\mWv AÃmlp "{]]-©-krjvSn' \S-¯n-bXv? AÃm-lp-hn\v Hcp-t±iyw CÃm-sX-sbm-¶p-a-Ãs{X!
      ""............................-\n-§-fn BcmWv IÀ½-¯n Gähpw \Ã-h³ F¶v ]co-£n-¡p-hm³................''
      AÃm-lp-hnsâ alm-e-t_m-d-«-dn-bnse \nco-£-W-hn-t[-b-amb kq£va-Io-S-§Ä (Microbes) am{X-am-bn-cn¡mw \msa-Ãmw. Hcp tIhe Kth-j-Isâ \ne-bn-emWv AÃmlp Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn\p apt¼ Bcm-bn-cn¡pw IÀ½-¯n Gähpw \Ã-h³ F¶v kÀÆ-Ú-\mb AÃmlp Adn-ªn-cn-t¡WvSXsÃ? kÀÆ-Úm-\n-bm-sW-¦n F´n-\mWp ]co-£-W-§Ä? Xm³ cq]o-I-cn¨p Ignª \nK-a-\-§Ä icn-X-s¶-bmtWm F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¨-dn-bm³ thWvSn-bmtWm? sXäm-sW¶p a\-Ên-em-bmepw kÀÆ-Ú-\m-sW¶p {]Jym-]n¨ ØnXn¡v Xncp-¯m\pw kXyw AwKo-I-cn-¡m\pw AÃmlp X¿m-dm-Iptam? ^ew IqSp-X IrXy-X-tbmsS e`n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Ah-bn-eqsS kq{X-hm-Iy-§Ä cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw kml-N-cy-§-fn hf-sc-s¨-dnb amä-§Ä am{Xw hcp¯n ]co-£-W-§Ä BhÀ¯n-¡p¶ Nne imkv{X-Ú-·msct¸mse Xsâ Adn-hn IrXy-X-bpWvSm-¡m\pw AXp IqSp-X kq£va-am-¡m\pw thW vSnbmbn-cn-¡ptam {]hÀ¯-\-§-fn a\p-jysc GÀs¸-Sp-hn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th­n AÃmlp {]]-©-krjvSn \S-¯n-bXv? Cu AÃmlp kÀÆ-Ú\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[nbpw aäp-am-sW¶p a\-Ên-em-¡p¶ apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ¡v A\ysc t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ \ymb-§-sfm-¶p-an-Ã.
      \nÊm-c-·m-cmb a\p-jyÀ¡p a\-Ên-em-hm¯ Imcy-§-fmWv AÃm-lp-hnsâ Dt±-ihpw e£yhpw Hs¡-bm-sW-¶mtWm hmZw?
      a\p-jyÀ¡p a\-Ên-em-hm¯ Imcy-§Ä DbÀ¶p-h-c-¯-¡-hn[w X§Ä¡-dn-bm¯ Imcy-§Ä NÀ¨-bv¡-h-X-cn-¸n¨v a\p-jy-cpsS [\hpw ka-bhpw DuÀÖhpw aäpw ZpÀhybw sN¿p-¶Xv Ipä-I-c-amb a\p-jy-t{Zm-l-am-sW¶v aX {]Nm-c-Isc hn\-b-k-taXw HmÀ½n-¸n-bvt¡WvSnbncn-¡p-¶p. a\p-jyÀ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ ]Z-§-sfm¶pw AÃm-lp-hn\p tNcp-I-bn-sÃ-¦n ]ns¶ A¯cw ]Z-{]-tbm-K-§-fn-eqsS a\-Ên-em-¡m-\m-hm¯ Hcp AÃm-lp-sh-¡p-dn¨v A\m-h-iy-ambn hmN-I-a-Sn-¡p-¶Xv a\p-jysc hgn-sX-än-¡m-\m-bn-cn-¡p-atÃm? a\p-jy-cp-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ ]Z-§-f-ÃmsX C¡q-«-cpsS ssIhiw thsd ]pXnb ]Zm-h-en-I-fpWvtSm?
      a\p-jyÀ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ ]Z-§Ä Xs¶ Iq«n-t¨À¯v \ap¡v Akw-_-Ô-§Ä krjvSn-¡m³ Ign-bpw. F¶p-sh¨v A¯cw ]Z-k-¦-e-\-§Ä¡v \ne-\n¸pWvSmI-W-sat¶m Ah bmYmÀ°y-hp-ambn Fs´-¦nepw Xc-¯n s]mcp-¯-s¸-S-W-sat¶m hmin ]nSn-¡p-¶Xv H¶p-In Adn-hn-Ãm-bva-sImWvSmImw AsÃ-¦n aäp-f-f-hsc ]cn-{`-an-¸n¨v ]än-¡m-\p-am-bn-cn-¡mw. Hcp "ka-N-Xp-c-hr¯' sa¶p tIÄ¡p-t¼mÄ Pyman-Xn-bn kmam-\y-t_m-[-ap-Å-hÀ s¡´p tXm¶pw? ]gb Hä-s¡m-¼³ arK-s¯-¡p-dn¨p (Unicorn) tIÄ¡p-t¼mÄ `mh-\sb bmYmÀ°y-¯n \n¶v hyXn-cn-à-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡m³ ]IzX ssIh-cn-¨-hÀ C¶v F´p-[-cn¡pw? Gsd-sbm¶pw hyXy-Ø-am-bn-cn-¡n-Ã, IpÀ-B-\nepw lZo-kp-I-fnepw hc-¨p-Im-Wn-¡p¶ AÃm-lp-sh-¡p-dn¨p apPm-ln-Zp-Ifpw aäpw ]pcm-W-I-Y\w \S-¯p-t¼mÄ hnth-Ia-X-n-IÄ cq]o-I-cn-¡p¶ [mc-W.
      AÃm-lp-hnsâ knwlm-k-\hpw Pehpw AÃm-lp-thm-sSm¸w AÃm-lp-hn \n¶v _mly-ambn DWvSmbncpt¶m? A§-s\-sb-¦n Pehpw knwlm-k-\hpw AÃm-lp-sh-t¸mse A\-´hpw BZn-bn-Ãm-¯Xpw krjvSn-¡-s¸-Sm-¯-Xp-am-bn-cn-¡patÃm? CXn-\À°w `uXnI ]ZmÀ°hpw A\m-Zn-bm-sW-¶mWv; am{X-aà Pew FÃm-Im-e-¯p-apWvSmbncp-¶p, AXp krjvSn-¡-s¸-«-XÃ; AÃmlp AXn-t·Â Xsâ CÑ-b-\p-k-cn¨v ]cn-hÀ¯n-¸n-¡p-I-sb¶ {]hÀ¯\w am{Xta \S-¯n-bn-«pÅp; Fs¶-Ãm-amWv .FÃm-än-tâbpw. {]Y-a- {k-jvSm-sh¶ Øm\w AÃm-lp-hn\p \jvS-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh-¶À°w.
      AÃm-lp-hnsâ CÑ-bv¡p-hn-t[-b-ambn AÃm-lp-hnsâ DÅn \n¶p-Xs¶ _lnÀK-an-¨-XmtWm {]]©w? Hcp F«p-Imen he s\¿p-¶-Xp-t]m-se-bm-sW-¦n he-bpWvSm¡m³ Bh-iy-amb ]ZmÀ°w F«p-Im-en-bpsS Xs¶ DÅn-epWvSmbncp-¶p, F«p-Im-en-bp-sS-Xs¶ Hcp `mK-am-bn-cp-¶p. F«p-Im-en¡v ØnXn-sN-¿m³ CSw thWw. \ne-\n¡m³ Cc-th-Ww. {]]-©hpw Pehpw knwlm-k-\hpw AS¡w kz´w k¯-bv¡I¯v kq£n-¨n-cp¶ AÃmlp ØnXn sNbvXXv GXv "CS'¯mbn-cp¶p? AÃm-lp-hn \n¶pw _lnÀK-an-¡p¶ ]ZmÀ°-¯n\p ]Icw AÃm-lpsh AÃm-lp-hmbn \ne-\nÀ¯p¶ t]mjIw F´m-bn-cn¡mw? ]pXp-Xm-sbm¶pw Fhn-sS-\n¶pw DÄs¡m-Åp-¶n-sÃ-¦n AÃmlp Hmtcm krjvSn IÀ½-t¯mSpw IqsS A{X-ta timjn-¡p-Ibpw ZpÀº-e-\m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-¡pw. Xsâ kÀÆ-i-ànXzw Hcp ]s£ CXn-t\m-SIw {]]-©-kw-hn-[m-\-¯n ]qÀ®-ambn¯s¶ \jvS-s¸-«p-Im-Wpw. A§-s\-sb-¦n Hcp L«-¯n {]]©w Xs¶ AÃmlp F¶ ØnXn-h-cp-¶p. AYhm AÃmlp Cà {]]-©ta DÅq F¶ ØnXn hcp-¶p. GXv DZm-l-cWw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-t¼mgpw krjvSn-IÀ½w AÃm-lp-hnsâ ]qÀ®-X-bn Ipdhp hcp-¯p-¶p-sht¶m AÃmlp ]cn-Wm-a-hn-t[-b-\m-Ip-¶p-sht¶m DÅ \nK-a-\-¯nte BÀ¡pw F¯m³ Ign-bq.
      Hcp Ipi-h³ a¬Iew DWvSm¡p¶-Xp-t]m-se-bm-sW¶p Icp-Xmtam? F¦n Ifn-a®pw IpS-¯n\v BIrXn hcp-¯m-\pÅ D]-I-c-Whpw aäpw Ipi-h-\n \n¶p _mly-amb hkvXp-¡-fm-Wv. Ipi-h-s\-t¸mse hyXy-Ø-amb AkvXn-Xz-ap-Å-h. Cu {]]-©s¯¡pdn¨ Bibw AÃm-lp-hn Fhn-sS-\n¶p h¶p? AXn-\p-ap¼v C{Xbpw krjvSn-ssh-`hw XnI-ªn-«n-Ãm-¯Xpw CXn-t\-¡m-sf-{Xtbm Gsd A]qÀ®-hp-amb Hcp ]gb {]]-©-kr-jvSn-bpsS A\p-`-h-¯n \nt¶m AXv \nco-£n-¨-Xn-\p-ti-j-apÅ Nn´-bn \nt¶m? A¶pw Ct¸mgpw krjvSn-¡m-h-iy-amb `uXn-I-]-ZmÀ°-§Ä Gähpw Npcp-§n-bXv Pew (knw-lm-k-\-hpw) Fhn-sS-\n¶v kwL-Sn-¸n-s¨-Sp¯p? Ic-hn-cpXpw {]tbmK NmXp-cnbpw apt¼ t\Sn-bn-«-ÃmsX C¶p-hsc Hcp Ipi-h\pw Hcp shdpw shfn-]m-Sp-sh¨v at\m-l-c-amb Hcp a¬IpSw Hcn-¡epw \nÀ½n-¨n-«n-Ã. Cu \ne-bv¡p-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ {]]-©-¯ns\ ]cp-h-s¸-Sp-¯m-\m-h-iy-amb `uXn-I-]-ZmÀ°-§fpw DuÀÖ-cq-]-§fpw aäpw ssZh-t¯m-sSm¸w \ne-hn-epWvSmbn-cp¶ GtXm t{kmX-Êp-I-fn \n¶pw ssZh-¯n\p kam-l-cn-t¡WvSnh-¶n-cn-¡-Ww.
      AÃm-lp-hnsâ DuÀÖw AYhm AÃmlp F¶ DuÀÖw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-hÀ¯n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXXv GXv `uXn-I-]-ZmÀ°-§-fn-emWv? GsX-Ãm-am-bn-cp¶p AÃm-lp-hnsâ ]ZmÀ°-kw-`-cW t{kmX-Êp-IÄ? GsXÃmw ]ZmÀ°-§Ä FhnsS \ns¶Ãmw kw`-cn¨p? DuÀÖhpw ]ZmÀ°hpw X½n A¶v \ne-hn-epWvSmbn-cp¶ _Ô-sa-´mWv?
      Cu tNmZy-§Ä \s½ sImWvSpsN-s¶-¯n-¡p-¶Xv AÃmlp DWvsS¦n¯s¶ {]]-©-t¯m-sSm-¸ta DWvSmIm³ Xc-apÅp F¶ \nK-a-\-¯n-em-sW-¦n {]]-©-t¯m-sSm-¸-apWvSmb AÃmlp AXn-s\-¡mÄ D]-cn-bmb Ft´m BWv F¶p Icp-Xm³ Ign-bn-Ã. AÃm-lp-sh¶p hnfn-¡p-¶-Xp-Xs¶ {]]-©-¯nsâ kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-s¯-bm-bn-cn-¡pw.
      {]]-©hpw AÃm-lphpw H¶p-X-s¶-sb¶ \nK-a-\-¯n-emWv \msa-¯n-t¨-cp-¶-sX¶p Icp-Xp-I. a\p-jysc s\Sp-sIbpw Ipdp-sIbpw hn`-Pn-¡p-¶, tNcn-I-fm-¡p-Ibpw X½n-e-Sn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw hÀ¤ob aX-hn-Im-c-§Ä Cf-¡n-hn-Sp-Ibpw aäpw aäpw sN¿p-¶, aXm-Ô-Xbv¡p Imc-W-am-¡p¶ A\m-h-iy-amb Hcp k¦-ev]s¯ {]Xn-\n-[o-`-hn-bv¡p¶p sh¶pXpsIm­v AÃm-lp-sh¶ ]Zw \ap-s¡-s¶-t¶-bv¡p-ambn Dt]-£n-¡p-Ibpw `uXnI {]]©w F¶p a\-Ên-em-¡m³ \map-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ {]]©w F¶ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-¨m aXn-sb¶p Xocp-am-\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿mw. \nc-´-c-amb ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä \S-¶p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p¶ {]]©w GtXm Hcp \nanjw " D¸¯n' Bh-iy-amb (?) {]]-©-a-Ã.
      AÃm-lp-hnsâ Hcp `mKw cq]m-´cw {]m]n¨p {]]-©-am-b-Xm-sW-¦ntem? At¸mgpw kÀÆ-hym-]n-Xz-¯n\pw kÀÆ-i-àn-Xz-¯n\pw Ipd-hp-h-cmsX h¿. ]gb AÃm-lp-hnsâ Hcp `mK-am-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡-W-atÃm {]]-©-ambn cq]w {]m]n-¨Xv? C§s\ cq]w {]m]n-¡p-¶Xpw cq]m-´cw {]m]n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb H¶mtWm \½psS AÃmlp? Hcp IjvWw IÃn-s\-b-t¸mÄ AÃmlphnsâ Hcp IjvW-sa¶pw AtN-X-\-sa¶p \mw Icp-Xp¶ Hcp ]pkvXIw AÃm-lp-hnsâ khn-ti-j-amb Hcp tOZnX cq]-sa¶pw Hs¡ \ap¡p ]d-tbWvSnhcpw. C¯cw Hcp hnti-jWw IpÀ-B-\nse AÃm-lp-hn\p kln-¡m³ Ign-bptam? _nw_m-cm-[-\sb IÀi-\-am-sb-XnÀ¡p¶ apÉow-IÄ C¯-c-samcp k¦Â]w sh¨p s]mdp-¸n-¡mt\ k¶-²cm-Ip-I-bn-Ã.
      ssZh-k-¦Â]-hp-ambn "_Ô-s¸«' Akw-_-Ô-§Ä C´y³ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-IÄ \qämWvSpIÄ¡papt¼ hni-Z-ambn NÀ¨-sNbvXp XÅn-¡-f-ª-Xm-Wv. AsXms¡ ]Tn-¨p-a-\-Ên-em-¡m³ bph-ap-Pm-lnZv kplr-¯p-¡Ä F¶mWv X¿m-dm-IpI? apX-I-Ãn-ap-Ifpw ss^e-kq-^p-Ifpw X½n CÉm-anI {]am-W-§-fpsS ]cn-[n-¡-I-¯p-\n-¶p-sImWvSv \S-¯nb kaÀ°-\-{i-a-§-fpsS ]cn-Wn-X-^-ehpw ]T\ hnt[-b-am-t¡WvSXpWSv.
      NÀ¨-IÄs¡Ãmw tijw hmin-bp-t]-£n-¡m-\m-ImsX \nÀº-Ô-]qÀÆw Hcp AÃmlp {]]-©-¯n-s\Ãmw Imc-W-`q-X-\mbn DWvSmtb-Xocq F¶p ]d-bp¶ apÉnw-I-fpWvsS¦n Ahsc kam-[m-\n-¸n-¡m³ bpàn-t_m-[-ap-Å-hÀs¡m¶pw ]d-bm-\n-Ã; BZn-bn Hcp AÃmlp am{Xta DWvSmbn-cp-¶p-Åp-sh-¦nÂ, AÃm-lp-h-ÃmsX asäm-¶p-apWvSmbn-cp-¶n-sÃ-¦n Ct¸mgpw Hcp AÃmlp am{X-a-ÃmsX asäm¶pw CÃ-Xs¶ F¶ coXn-bn hmZw XpSÀ¶p t\m¡mw. bpàn-hm-Zn-Ifpw apÉnw-Ifpw AÃm-lp-hnsâ Xs¶ `mK-§Ä am{Xw. bYmÀ°-¯n Ah-cpWvsS¶p tXm¶pI am{X-am-Wv. AÃm-lp-hnsâ Hcp `mKw Xs¶ AÃm-lp-hnsâ asämcp `mK-¯n-s\-Xnsc hmZ {]Xn-hm-Z-¯n-teÀs¸-Sp-Ibpw _e {]tbm-K-¯n-s\m-cp-s¼-Sp-Ibpw aäpw sN¿p¶ hnNn-{X-amb ØnXn-hn-tijw. C{X-am{Xw ]dªp \nÀ¯n-bm Cu hmin-¡m-cmb Iq«À \¡mew kam-[m\ Nn¯-cm-hp-sa¶p \ap¡p {]Xo-£n-¡p-I. At¸mgpw \n§Ä {]Ir-Xnsb ssZh-am¡n Bcm-[n-¡p¶p F¶p ]dªp NmSn-bn-d-§p¶ NneÀ IWvsS¶p-h-cpw.
      L\-Kw-`o-c-amb kzc-¯n ]mWvUn-Xy-¯nsâ \mSy-hp-ambn hmNm-e-ambn {]kw-Kn-¡p¶ Nne apÉnw intcm-aWn imkv{Xn-I-fpWvSv. apÉnw-Isf AÛpX ]c-X-{´-cm-¡n-sIm­v \njv¡-f-¦-`m-h-¯n AhÀ X«n hnSpw: "{]]-t©m¸-¯nsb¡pdn-¨pÅ B[p-\nI imkv{Xob kn²m-´-§-sfÃmw Cu {]]-©-¯n\v Hcp XpS-¡-apWvsS¶v Ønco-I-cn-¨n-«pWvSv. ssZh-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Hcp ]s£ Cu imkv{Xob kn²m-´-§Ä IWvSncn-¡m³ CS-bnÃ-.'
      FÃm Imcy-§-fp-sSbpw hni-Zo-I-cW apÄs¡m-Åp¶psh¶p kzbw Ah-Im-i-hmZw D¶-bn¨ IpÀ-B-\n C¡q-«À s]m¡n-¸n-Sn-¡p¶ Cu B[p-\nI imkv{Xob kn²m-´-§-sfm¶pw ImWm-\n-ÃtÃm? F¶p am{X-aà Hcp JtKmf imkv{X-Ú\pw Kuc-h-¯n-se-Sp-¡m³ X¿m-dm-Im¯ Hcp tamU-emWv AÃm-lp-hn-tâ-Xmbn IpÀ-B-\n Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ {]]-©-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ kn²m-´w.
      "Bdp Znh-k-§-fn-embn BIm-i-§-sfbpw `qan-sbbpw krjvSn¨ AÃm-lp-Xs¶ \nÝ-b-ambpw \n§-fpsS c£n-Xm-hv. ]ns¶ knwlm-k\Ø\m-bn, cmhn-s\-s¡mWvSp ]I-ens\ Ah³ aqSp-¶p. cmhp ]I-ens\ At\z-jn-S-t¨m-Sp-I-bm-Wv. kqcy³, N{µ³, \£-{X-§Ä F¶n-h-tbbpw Xsâ IÂ]-\¡p hnt[-b-§-fm-¡n krjvSn-¡p-hm\pw IÂ]n-¡m-\p-apÅ A[n-Imcw Ah-\sÃ? kÀÆ-temI c£n-Xm-hmb AÃmlp _À¡-¯p-S-b-h-\s{X.' (7:54, AAvdm^v)
      apV-]p-cm-W-¯nse C¯cw IYm-`m-K-§-sfm¶pw X§Ä tI«nt« Cà F¶ a«n aX-{]-kw-K-§Ä \S-¯p-¶-hÀ `uXn-I-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v {]Xn-kÔn At\z-jn¨p \S-¡p-I-bm-Wv. apÉnw IpSpw_§-fn ]nd-¡m-\n-S-bm-b-h-sc-¦nepw _p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsS bYmÀ° {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-sW-¶-Xn-\mÂ, C´y³ apÉnw-IÄ Cs¶-¯n-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ {]Xn-k-Ônsb¡pdn¨v ]Tn-¡p-Ibpw Nn´n-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-lmcw \nÀt±-in-¡p-Ibpw Hs¡ sNbvXn-«pÅ kzX-{´-Nn-´-Icpw am\-hn-I-X-bpsS hàm-¡fpw Nne-cpWvSv. A¡q-«-¯n HcmÄ ]d-bp¶p:
'' The fact is that the traditional orthodox supernaturalism of Islam is no longer meaningful to the modern Muslim whose scientific outlook makes it impossible for him to believe in, to give one out of many possible examples, a three - decker Universe, with heaven above, the earth in between, and hell below. It is equally difficult for him to attribute such mythology to an Omniscient deity, where as it becomes perfectly understandable if attributed to a Teacher using word pictures comprehensible to uniformed and underveloped minds. But today, anyone who has passed the matriculation examination should be able to get over childhood brainwashing and not need such symbolism. Education by its very nature renders inevitable a crisis of faith, and if Islam is to have any meaning to future generations of Muslims they must accept that it Muhammed appeared to day he would speak and act very differently to what he did in the seventh century.'' (11)  apl-½Zp \_n-t]mepw Ime-L-«-¯nsâ [mc-W-I-fp-ambn H¯p-t]m-Ip¶ Hcp kao-]-\ta kzoI-cn-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶pÅp F¶m-WtÃm Cu Nn´-Isâ hnh-£. hnÚm-\-¯nsâ Ime-L-«-am-Wn-Xv. hnizmkw hen-s¨-dnªv ]pXnb \qämWvSnte¡v hnth-I-]qÀÆw IS¶p sNÃm³ apÉow bphm-¡Ä X¿m-dm-I-Ww. e`n¨ hnZym-`ymkw Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡mWvSncn-¡p¶ dn«-tbUv _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡v ^enX kmln-Xy-cw-K-s¯-¦nepw {]XnjvT e`n-¡p-sa¶p tXm¶p-¶n-Ã. kz´w _p²nbpw bpànbpw ]W-b-s¸-Sp-¯msX ]T-\-¯n\pw kzX-{´-Nn-´bv¡pw {ian-¡p-¶-hÀ IpÀ-B-\nepw lZo-kp-I-fnepw aäpw ]cm-aÀin¨ krjvSn-IY hmbn-¨m AhÀ¡n-{X-am-{Xta ]d-bm-\pWvSmIq:
"Ah ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS IY-IÄ am{Xw.'
 ********************************************

1.     t]Pv 133, "AÂ h-koe'; knw _pIvkv, F³. ]d-hqÀ, 1985
2.    klo-lp _plmcn
3.    IpÀ-B³ 11:7
4.    IpÀ-B³ 21:30
5.    IpÀ-B³ 41:9, 10, 11, 12
6.    IpÀ-B³ 54:50
7.    IpÀ-B³ 67:5
8.    IpÀ-B³ 78:12
9.    IpÀ-B³ 71:15
10.   IpÀ-B³ 50:38
11.    Page 78, "The Muslim Dilemma In India.' M.R.A Baig. Vikas Pablishing House Pvt. Ltd,  Delhi, 1974.                     
***************************************************************************************



4. {]]© hnÚm\w
      IpÀ-B-\n AÃmlq ]d-ªXpw lZo-kp-I-fn apl-½Zp\_n ]d-ª-Xmbn ]d-b-s¸-«Xpw H¶p-a-Ã, X§Ä \S-¯p¶ hymJym-\-§Ä am{X-amWv Adn-ªn-cn-t¡WvSXv F¶ \ne-]m-Sn NneÀ \ho-I-c-W-hmZ thjw sI«p-¶p. apÉow _p²n Pohn-I-fn Hcp henb hn`mKw kzoI-cn-¡p¶ H¯p-XoÀ¸nsâ Ae-k-amb \ne-]mSv C¶s¯ kml-N-cy-¯n kmaqly ]ptcm-K-Xnsb XS-Ê-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn ]tcm-£-ambn hln-¡p¶ ]¦n-s\-¡p-dn¨v Ahsc F{X HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯n-bmepw A[n-I-am-hnà F¶ tXm¶-emWv  ]ptcm-K-a-t\-Ñq¡Ä¡v. ]n´n-cn-¸³ t\Xr-Xz-§-tfm-SpÅ Ah-cpsS {]Jym-]n-Xtam A{]-Jym-]n-Xtam Bb kÔn apÉow kaq-Zm-b-¯nsâ am{X-aÃ, cmjv{S-¯nsâ Xs¶ ]ptcm-K-Xn¡v hnLm-X-amb LS-I-§-fn H¶mWv:
1.    imkv{Xs¯ CÉm-anI h¡-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ
      bpàn-Nn-´bpw aXm-Ô-Xbpw X½n \S-¶p-sIm-­WvSn-cn-¡p¶ ià-amb ka-c-¯n-\n-S-bn Hcp Dt]m¸¶w F¶ \ne-bn imkv{Xhpw aXhpw X½n s]mcp-¯-t¡-Sn-söv hcp-¯n-XoÀ¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ "kam-[m-\-hmZn' IfpWvSmIp-¶-Xn AÛp-X-s¸-Sm-\nÃ. imkv{X-¯n-s\-Xn-cmb ka-c-¯n aXw ]cm-P-b-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v a\-Ên-em-¡n-b-hcpw aXs¯ ]qÀ®-ambpw ssIs¿m-gn-bm³ X¿m-dn-Ãm-¯-h-cp-amb Hcp hn`m-K-am-bn-cn¡pw Cu {]h-W-X-bpsS hàm-¡Ä. Ic-Wobw hkvXp-X-Isf Xpd¶ a\-tÊmsS kao-]n-¡p-Ibpw [oc-amb \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ ssIs¡m-Åp-I-bp-am-bn-cn¡pw F¶p am{Xw Ahsc DZvt_m-[n-¸n-¡-s«.
      B\ a­-¯-c§-sf-sbÃmw imkv{Xo-b, \nK-a-\-§-fm-¡m-\pÅ hr{K-X-bpsS DZm-l-c-W-§Ä F{X-th-W-sa-¦nepw NqWvSn¡m-Wn-¡m³ Ign-bpw. apÉow thÄUveoKnsâ hmcn-I-bn h¶ Hcp teJ\w "JpÀ-Bsâ Aam-\p-jn-IX imkv{X¯neqsS' F¶ t]cn ae-bm-f-¯n {]kn-²o-I-cn-¨n-« p-­v. ba-\nse aX-\nÀt±-iI hn`m-K-¯nsâ ta[m-hnbpw ]Ån-IÄ¡pÅ AJn-e-temI D¶X kan-Xn-bnse AwK-hp-amb ssiJv A_vZpÂa-PoZv A k³Zm-\nbpw hmjnw-KvS-Wnse knwtkm-Wn-b³ C³Ìn-äyq-«n {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Hcp _lo-cm-Imi imkv{X-Ú-\mb  tUm.- ^m-dqJv AÂ_mkpw X½n \S¶ Hcp A`n-apJ kw`m-j-W-amWv {KÙ-¯nsâ {]Xn-]m-Zyw. Xam-i¡p hI-\ÂIp¶p F¶-Xp-sIm­pw IpÀ-B-\nse ]cm-aÀi hnt[-b-amb hnj-b-¯nsâ hni-Z-amb {]Xn-]m-Z-\-¯n-\n-S-bn \n¶v Hcp kqàw Ducn-sb-Sp¯v AhÀ¡v tXm¶n-b-t]mse hymJym-\n-¡p¶ ssien a\-Ên-em-¡m\pw th­WvSn-bmWv Cu {KÙ-s¯-¡p-dn¨p ]cm-aÀin-¨-Xv.
2.   D]-tZ-in-IÄ Ac§p XIÀ¡p-¶p.
      \ho-\XmhmZn-IÄ F¶p- \-Sn-¨p-sImWvSv `uXn-I-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v XnIª kua-\-ky-t¯msS D]-tZiw \ÂIp-¶-Xnsâ Hcp DZm-l-cWw:
      ""imkv{Xw X§-fp-sS- Iq-sS-bm-sW¶pw aXhpw imkv{Xhpw hncp-²-am-sW¶pw sIm«n-tLm-jn-¡p¶ `uXnIhmZn-I-tfm-sSmcp hm¡v. \n§Ä imkv{Xw ]Tn-¡-Ww. imkv{X-¯nsâ ]pXnb I­p-]n-Sp-¯-§-tfm-sSm¸w Nph-sSm-¸n¨p \o§m³ ]Tn-¡-Ww. AÃmsX imkv{X-]-£-]m-Xn-I-fm-bn«p Imcy-an-Ã. Rm³ \n§-tfmSp tNmZn-¡s« _nKv_mwKv kn²m-´-¯n \n§Ä hniz-kn-¡p-¶pWvtSm? CsÃ-¶m-bn-cn¡pw \n§-fpsS adp-]-Sn. ImcWw krjvSn-s¸-¶-]Zw \n§-fpsS Un£vW-dn-bn-en-Ã-tÃm. {]]-©-¯n\v A\-´-amb Hcp Ncn-{X-am-Wp-f-f-sX-¶m-WtÃm? \n§-fpsS hmZw. At¸mÄ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ÌUn-tÌ-ävXn-b-dn-tbm-Sm-bn-cn¡pw \n§Ä tbmPn-¡p-I. ]s£ AXv Ime-l-c-W-s¸« Hcp kn²m-´-am-sW¶v \n§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. C\n B ]g-©³ kn²m-´-¯n¯-s¶-bm-Wv. \n§Ä ISn¨p Xq§p-¶-sX-¦n Rms\mcp tNmZyw tNmZn-¡-s«. \n§Äs¡-§ns\ Ønc-ØnXn kn²m-´-¯n hnizm-kn-¡m³ Ign-bpw. AXnsâ D]-Úm-Xm-hmb {^Uv tlmbv Fgp-Xnb {KÙ-¯n \n¶pÅ D²-c-Wn-IÄ \n§Ä {i²n-¨n-tÃ. iq\y-X-bn \n¶v krjvSn¸v Ct¸mgpw \S-¡p-¶p-sh¶pw Bäw iàn-sb-t¸mse BIÀj-W- i-àn-sb-t¸mse Hcp krjvSn-¸nsâ iànbpw ChnsS DWvsS¶v \n§Ä hniz-kn-¡p-¶pthm? At¸mÄ _nKv_mwKv Xnb-dn-bn-epWvSmb Hcp krjvSn-¸ns\ \n§Ä¡v hniz-kn-¡m³ km²y-a-Ã. AtX ka-bw, sÌUn-tÌäv kn²m-´-¯nse At\Iw tImSn krjvSn-¸p-IÄ \n§Ä¡p hniz-kn-¡mw. ]S-t]-Sn¨v ]´-f-¯p-t]m-b-t¸mÄ ]´w sImfp-¯n-¸S F¶p ]d-ª-Xp-t]m-se-bm-WtÃm CXv. At¸mÄ Hcp kn²m-´hpw \n§Ä¡-\p-tbm-Py-a-Ã. AXm-bXv \n§-fmWv imkv{X-¯nsâ _²-ssh-cn-IÄ'' (1)
      CXp-tI-«m F´mWv tXm¶pI? apÉow-IÄ "]cn-ip²' JpÀ-B-\n hniz-kn-¡p-¶-Xn\p Xpey-amb Hcp kao-]-\-amtWm `uXn-I-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v imkv{X- \n-K-a-\-§-tfmSv thWvSXv? bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS "Cuam³' Imcy-§-fnÂs¸«-Xmbn {]]© "krjvSn' sb¡p-dn¨v GsX-¦nepw tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-Sm¯ kn²m´w DWv Smtb Ct±lw AS§q F¶mtWm? Cu s{]m^-k-dpsS Akp-J-I-c-amb hmin¡v Iosgm-Xp-§m-Xn-cn-¡m³ am{X-apÅ imkv{X-t_m[w At±lw ]cn-N-bn-¨-dnª `uXn-I-hm-Zn-I-sfÃmw Hcp ]s£ {]I-Sn-¸n-¨p-Im-Wpw. imkv{X "hnizmkn' If-Ãm¯ \nco-iz-c³am-sc-sbÃmw imkv{X-¯nsâ _²-ssh-cn-I-fmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn¨v km[m-cW apÉow-Isf sXän-²-cn-¸n-¡m-\m-Wp- {i-aw. {i²n¨p hmbn-¡p-t¼mÄ Im]-Sy-¯nsâ apJm-h-c-W-§Ä Hs¶m-¶mbn ASÀ¶p- ho-gp-¶Xp ImWmw.
3.    kz´w sshI-ey-§-fn \n¶v {i²-b-I-äm³ tImem-l-ew.
      JpÀ-B-\nepw lZo-kp-I-fnepw Hcp-t]mse ImW-s¸-Sp¶ {]]© krjvSn- I-Y-Isf  XÅn-¡-f-ªmtWm "kXy-hn-izmkn' bmb s{]m^-kÀ Cu kn²m-´-§-fpsS h¡m-e-¯p-ambn h¶n-cn-¡p-¶Xv?
      B[p-\nI JtKmf imkv{X-Im-c-·m-cpsS \nK-a-\-§fpw cq]-I¸-\-Ifpw am{X-aà JpÀ-B\pw "knlm-lp-Ên¯' bpw aqV-]p-cm-W-§-f-S-§p¶ aäp In¯m-_p-Ifpw IqSn ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xn bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ hnap-J--c-Ã. aqV-I-Y-I-fm-W-h-bn-ep-Å-sX¶v Cu s{]m^kÀ¡pw Adn-bm-sa-¶p-hy-àw. bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS {i² A¯cw In¯m-_p-I-fn \n¶pw hyXn-N-en-¸n-¡m-sa-¶mtWm IW-¡p-¡q-«Â?
      imkv{X-Im-c³am-cpsS {]]-©-L-S\m \nK-a\-§sfÃmw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ XÅn-¡-f-sª-¶n-cn-¡-s«, ]Icw shbv¡m³ F´pWvSv Cu C\w s{]m^-kÀam-cpsS In¯m-_nÂ? s{]m^-k-dpsS In¯m-_p-I-fn GXn-se-¦n-ep-sam-¶n-epÅ GsX-¦nepw Hcp krjvSn IY AtX-]Sn ASÀ¯n-sb-Sp¯v B[p-\nI imkv{X-¯nsâ AwKo-Im-c-ap-Å-Xmbn GsX¦nepw imkv{X-Ú³ Fs´-¦nepw {]Jym-]\w \S-¯n-bn-«pWvtSm? JpÀ-B-\nse {]]-©-krjvSn IY imkv{Xo-b-am-sW¶v hmZn-¡m³ _lp-am-\-s¸« s{]m^-kÀ X¿m-dpWvtSm?
      imkv{Xw ]Tn-¡m-\pÅ s{]m^-k-dpsS D]-tZiw kt´m-j-k-taXw kzoI-cn-¡p-t¼mįs¶ At±-l-t¯mSv Hc-`yÀ°-\-bpWvSv; kz´w A\p-bmbn hrµs¯ A¯cw {ia-¯n \n¶p XS-bm³ {ian-¡-cp-Xv.
      aXhpw imkv{Xhpw hncp-²-a-sÃ-¶-Xm-WtÃm  \ho-\Xm thj-¡m-cpsS {]Jym-]nX \ne-]mSv. `uXn-I-hm-Zn-IÄ hn\-b-k-taXw t_m[n-¸n-¡p¶ Nne \ymb-§-fp-­v. Ah-sb-¡p-dn¨v imkv{Xw ]Tn-¡p¶ apÉow sNdp-¸-¡mÀ Nn´n-¡m³ XpS-§p-t¼mÄ Zn¡vdp-I-fn-epw, Jndm-A-¯p-I-fn-epw, ZpB-I-fnepw aäpw A`bw tXSm³ Ahsc D]-tZ-in¨v hgn-am-än-¡-f-b-cp-sX¶v BZyta ]d-ªp-t]m-sb-t¶-bp-Åp. At±-l-¯nsâ \ne-]mSv BßmÀ°-X-tbmSp IqSn-b-Xm-sW-¦n BÀ¡pw ]cn-`-h-¯n\v Ah-Im-i-an-Ã. imkv{Xw ]Tn-¡m-\pÅ D]-tZiw _lp-am-\-s¸« s{]m^-k-dpsS A\p-bm-bn-IÄ¡pw _m[-I-am-bn-cn-¡-W-atÃm?
      "\n§Ä hniz-kn-¡p-¶p-t­m, \n§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡Ww' XpS-§nb At±-l-¯nsâ {]tbm-K-§Ä khn-tij {i²-bÀln-¡p-¶p. CsXm¶pw Xs¶ Ct§À¡p _m[-I-aà F¶-Xp-sImWSv t_m[-]qÀÆw Xs¶-bmWv Cu hn[w {]tbm-K-§Ä \S-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. krjvSn-¸nsâ iàn-sb¶v Ct±lw hnti-jn-¸n-¡p¶ Hcp iàn DWvsS¶p hcp¯n¯oÀ¡p-I-bmWv Bh-iyw. kz´w hnizm-k-{]-amW {]Imcw Xpey-X-bn-Ãm-¯, D]-a-IÄ km²y-a-Ãm¯,  H¶m-bn-cn-¡Ww B iàn. F´mWo iàn-bpsS kz`mhw? Bäw iàn-sb-t¸mse, BIÀjW iàn-sb-s¸se H¶mWv AsX¶v ]d-ªp-t]m-bm Ct±lw inÀ¡m-bn-cn¡pw AXp-hgn {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv: AYhm ssZhnI iàn-bn ]¦p-Imsc IWvsS¯p-I-bmhpw sN¿p-¶-Xv. ssZhn-I-X-bv¡v, AsÃ-¦nepw `uXn-I-X-bn F´p Xmc-Xayw? F¶m Xpe-\-s¸-Sp-¯m-sXbpw D]-a-I-fm-hn-jvI-cn-¡m-sXbpw kz´w Bibw Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡m³ Ct±-l-¯n\v H«pw km²y-am-Ip-¶n-Ã. Cu KXn-tI-Snsâ, \nÊ-lm-b-X-bpsS s\Sp-hoÀ¸v hyà-ambn tIÄ¡m³ Ign-bpw.
      Pe-¯n AÃmlp \S-¯nb {]]-©-krjvSn B[p-\n-I-im-kv{X-¯n-tem, imkv{X-Im-c³amÀ apt¶m-«p-sh¨ {]]-t©m¸¯n kn²m-´-§-fn-sem¶v Dul-§Ä¡nS \ÂIm-¯-hn[w JpÀ-B³ AS-¡-apÅ ]g-©³ ]pcm-W-§-fntem Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xmbn apÉow-IÄ hniz-kn-¡p-¶pWvtSm?
4.   IY-b-dn-bmsX B«w \S-¯p¶ Iem-eb hnZzm³amÀ
      {]]©w (Universe]¶ ]Zw ]cn-an-X-amb AÀ°-¯n am{X-amWv {]]-©-L-S-\-sb-¡p-dn¨v \nK-a-\-§Ä D¶-bn-¡p¶ imkv{X-Ú-·mÀ {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv.
      "It is true, of coures, that we can meaningfully ask about the causes of the present state of the Universe (or some aspect there of); thus we cite causal factors occurring in the past: And we can ask about the causes of these in turn, and can list causes occurring still further back, and so on ad infinitum. This is what cosmoiogists do when they write books with titles such as ''The oriqin of the Universe''.  They mean, not the original origin of the Unverse, but the origin of the present state: Stars Condensed out of whirling nebulae'' and so on for states of the Universe prior to that. But if some one says. 'I don't mean today or a million years ago or a billion years ago, I mean from the beginning of time, his last phrase is meaningiess: there could not be a moment earlier than the history of time nor any time when there was no time''  (2)
      t_m[-]qÀÆw Bi-b-¡p-g¸w krjvSn¡m³ {ian-¡p-I-bmWv \½psS s{]m^-kÀ F¶-Xn\v At±-l-¯nsâ ]pkvXIw Xs¶ sXfnhp \ÂIpw. Xmsg sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ D²-c-Wn-{i-²n-¡pI:
      ""ImWm-hp¶ {]]©w an¡-hmdpw IWvSpI-gn-ªp. AXn-\-¸p-d¯pw Kme-Ivkn-I-fpWvSmImw. ]s£, Ah {]Im-i-¯nsâ thK-X-bn \o§p-¶pWvSmhpw. AXn-\m Ah-bn \n¶pÅ civan-IÄ ChnsS F¯p-¶n-Ã.'' (3)
      XpSÀ¶v Hcp Ata-cn-¡³ {KÙ-¯n \n¶v D²cn¡bmWv At±-lw.
      ""{]Im-i-th-K-X-bn ]n³hm-§p¶ Kme-Ivkn-I-fpWvsS¦n Ah-bpsS civan-IÄ¡v \ap¡v ImWm³ km[y-am-Im-¯-hn[w tUm]vfÀ jn^väv h¶n-cn¡pw'' s{]m^-kÀ XpS-cp¶p: ""AXp sImWvSv a\p-jy\v ImWm-hp-t¶-S-t¯mfw {]]©w Ct¸mÄ Xs¶ Ahsâ Zqc-ZÀin-\n-I-fpsS ]cn-[n-bneI-s¸-«p-I-gn-ªp-sh¶v tXm¶p-¶p. AÂ]w \ncm-i-tbmsSbmWv imkv{X-Ú-·mÀ CXp ]d-bp-¶Xv''.
      imkv{X-Ú-·m-cpsS \ncm-i-bn ]cnX]n-¡p-I-bm-Wn-hÀ!
      Zriy-{]-]-©-¯n-\p-a-¸pdw A\-´-hn-im-e-ambn Zriy-am-Im³ km[y-a-ÃmsX Xtam-KÀ¯-§fpw Kme-Ivkn-Ifpw am{X-aà \ap-¡n-\nbpw ÚmX-am-bn-«n-Ãm¯ {ZthymÀÖ-cq-]-§-f-S-¡-apÄs¸-Sm-hp¶ {]]©w _m¡n InS-¡p-¶p. "ÚmX-{]-]©' s¯¡p-dn¨v tamU \nÀ½n-Xn-I-fn-eqsS ]T\w \S-¯m³ {ian-¡p-t¼m-tg¡pw NneÀ hnfn-¨p-Iq-hp¶ Imcy-§ÄtI-«m kl-Xm]w tXm¶pw:
      CXm {]]-©-¯nsâ D¸-¯n¡v Hcp AÃmlp thW-sa¶p h¶n-cn-¡p¶p!
      `uXn-I-hmZw {]Xn-k-Ôn-bnÂs¸«p XIÀ¶p-X-cn-¸-W-am-bn-cn-¡p¶p!!
      BÀ¯p-hn-fn-¨p-sIm­v Cu Iq«À Ac-§p-X-IÀ¡p¶p. A\p-bm-bn-I-fn £n{]-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbhsc CsXÃmw lcw ]nSn-¸n-¡p-am-bn-cn-¡mw. F¶m X§-fpsS In¯m-_nsâ bYmÀ° ØnXn B-c-dnªp?
5.   thj-§Ä, thj-§Ä
      C¶s¯ Adn-hnsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n aäp Kme-Ivkn-IÄ \½nÂ\n¶p-a-I-ep¶p F¶ Hcp \nco-£Ww imkv{X-Im-c-·mÀ D¶-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ AXn-\p- ]m-I-¯n IpÀ-B³ kpà-§Ä GsX-¦n-ep-apWvtSm F¶v NneÀ NnI-bp¶p. ÚmX-{]-]-©-¯n-\-¸pdw {]Im-ithK-X-bntem AXn-ep-tasd thK-¯ntem ]n³ hm§n-s¡mWvSncn-¡m³ km²y-X-bpÅ Kme-Ivkn-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v Ah C¶v ]T-\-hn-t[-b-a-Ãm¯Xn-\m \ap-s¡mcp Adn-hp-an-Ã. F¶m Cu ÚmXhpw AÚm-X-hp-am-b-sXÃmw GsXm-¶nsâ `mK-bn-cn-¡p-¶pthm B A\-´-alm {]]-©-apWv StÃm, AXn-sâbpw A[n-\m-Y-\mb Hcp AÃm-lp-sh-¡p-dn¨v X§Ä¡v FÃm-a-dnbmw F¶ \mSy-¯n\v NneÀ thjw- sI-«p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ ]cn-lm-ky-ambn asä-´pWvSv?
      Hcp XXzNn´-I³ ]d-ªXv {]k-à-ambn tXm¶p-¶p:
      ""Religious utterances  may indeed express false or even bogus assertions but I simply do not believe that they are not both intended or interpreted to be or at any rate to presuppose assertons, at least in the context of religious practice; whatever shifts may be demanded, in another context, by the exigencies of theological apologoetic'' (4)
      ChÀ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶ imkv{Xw hvIe-am-¡nb kn²m-´-§-fm-sW-¶-Xp am-{X-aà {]iv\w. X§Ä DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p¶ aX hnizmkw  icn-bm-sW¶p A\p-bmbnIsf ]d-ªp-]-än-¡-W-sa-¦n C¯-c-¯n hnI-e-am-¡p-I-sb-¶Xv Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm¯ Hcp IrXy-am-sW¶v AhÀ¡v \¶mbn Adn-bm-sa-¶-Xp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. I]-S-im-kv{Xn-IÄ am{X-aà I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IÄ IqSn-bmWv Cu Iq«À.
      Cu {]]-©-¯nsâ C¶s¯ Ah-Ø¡v B[m-c-am-b- am-ä-§Ä F§-s\-sb-Ãm-am-bn-cp¶p F¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m³ imkv{X-Ú-·mÀ \S-¯p¶ {ia-§Ä am{X-am-bn-cn-¡Ww bYmÀ°-¯n "{]]-t©m¸¯n' sb¶ {]tbm-K-t¯msS apt¶m-«p-sh-¡p¶ ssk²m-´nI \nK-a-\-§-sf¶v hnÚm\ Imw£n-IÄ¡p a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp-¶-tX-bp-Åq. Hcp {kmjvSm-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ P¸-\-§-fn kzbw ad-¶m-Sp¶ Cu th-j-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v \ap¡v kl-X-]n-¡p-I. DuÀÖs¯¡pdn¨pw {Zhys¯¡pdn¨pw {]]-©s¯¡pdn-¨papÅ a\p-jysâ Adnhv hnkva-b-I-c-amb hn[-¯n hf-cp-Ibpw amdn-s¡mWvSncn-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv.
      `uXn-I-hm-Zn-IÄ "krjvSn's¸¶ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-s¨¶p Icp-Xp-I. apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ \ÂIp¶ AÀ°-am-bn-cn-¡n-ÃtÃm bpànhmZn-IÄ Cu ]Z-¯n-\p-\ÂIp-I. AÃm-lp-hn\p th­WvSn am{X-ambn hnizm-kn-IÄ Icp-Xn-sh¨ AÀ°hpw Bi-bhpw `uXn-I-hm-Zn-IÄ ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯ptam?
      _nKv_mwKv Xnb-dn-bn AYhm "hniz-kn¨p' t]mbmepw bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Un£-W-dn-I-fn krjvSn-s¸¶ ]Ztam AÃm-lp-hn\p Øm\tam Hs¡ {Iao-I-cn-¡m³ bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ ]mSp-s]-Sptam?
      s]m«n-s¯-dn-bn-eqsS apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ hniz-kn-¡p-¶-Xp- t]m-epÅ Hcp ]pXnb "krjvSn‑'¸p \-S-¶-Xm-sbm¶pw {]kvXpX kn²m-´-¯n-en-Ã. Hcp {Zhy-]n-WvU-atà s]m«n-s¯-dn-¨Xv? cq]- ]-cn-Wm-a-t¯m-sSm¸w DuÀÖ hnkÀÖ-\hpw \S-¡p-¶-Xn F´m-Wn{X AÛp-X-s¸-Sm-\p-ÅXv? Hcp t_mw_v s]m«n-sb¶p tI«m AXv AÃm-lp-hpWSv F¶-Xn-\p -sX-fn-hmbn Bsc-¦nepw D¶-bn-¡m-dpWvtSm?
6.   ÚmX-{]-]©w
      ""Hcp kn²m-´-{]-Imcw ]WSv Cu hnImkw XpS-§p-¶-Xn\p ap¼v {]]-©-amsI Hscmä ]nWvU-am-bn-cp-¶p. AXns\ "BZna AWp' F¶-hÀ hnfn-¨p. CXnsâ hep-¸-s¯-¸än Ct¸mÄ H¶pw ]d-bm³ h¿. Hcp-\mÄ AXv s]m«n-s¯-dn-¨p. B s]m«n-s¯-dn-¡-ensâ ^e-amWv \mw C¶p ImWp¶ {]]© hnIm-kw.'' (5)
      s]m«n-s¯-dn-¨-Xp-Xs¶ {]]-©-¯nsâ Hcp `mK-am-bn-cp¶p F¶mW, v ÚmX-{]-]-©-sa¶v C¶v hnh-£n-¡m-hp¶ `mK-am-bn-cn¡mw s]m«n-s¯-dn-¨-sX-¶mIpw Nne `uXn-I-hm-Zn-IÄ Icp-Xp-I. AsÃ-¦n s]m«n-s¯-dn¨p hnI-kn-¡m-\pÅ CSw (Ø-ew) {]]-©-¯n\p ]pd¯v {Zhy-hp-ambn _Ô-an-ÃmsX tIh-e-ambn D­m-bn-cn-¶n-cn-¡-W-sa-¶p- h-cnsÃ?
      kz´w A\p-bm-bn-Isf H¶pw ]Tn-¡m³ A\p-h-Zn-¡msX imkv{X-¯n\pw bpàn-Nn-´¡pw FXn-cn ]pdw-Xn-cn¨v \nÀ¯p¶p. A¸w-Nn-eXv ]Tn-¨p-t]m-b-hÀ X§-fpsS ktlm-Z-c-§Ä¡v kz´w Adn-hp-]-IÀ¶p sImSp-¡m³ {ian-¡p-t¼mÄ Alw`mhn-I-sf¶pw "AÔ-hn-izmkn' Isf¶pw aäpw A[n-t£-]n-¡pI am{X-aà A\p-I-c-W-ioew ssItamiw hcmsX kq£n-¡p¶ kz´w Ipªm-Sp-IÄ¡v A¯cw \ne-]m-Sp-I-sf-Sp-¡m³ Bthiw ]IÀ¶p-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. sshcp-²y-§-fpsS kw`-c-Wn-IÄ Xe-bn Npa¶v "]´w-sIm-fp¯n¸S' bpsS ]I In\m-hp-IWvSp \S-¡p¶ Nne "]WvUnX' intcm-a-Wn-I-sf-¡p-dn-s¨-´p-]-d-bm³!
      \s½ XSªp-\nÀ¯n, Bh-iy-s¸-SmsX Xs¶ \ap¡v "hnÚm\w' hnf--¼n-¯-cm³ X¿m-sd-Sp-¯p-\n¡p¶ Hcp-Iq«w I]S hnZzm-·m-cpWSv. I]S hnizm-kn-IÄ IqSn-bm-W-hÀ. "AZr-iy-Imcy' §sf-¡p-dn-¨mWv Cu Iq«À¡v Gähpw IqSp-X kwkm-cn-¡m³ DWvSmhpI. AZriyw am{X-aà AhÀ¡p-Xs¶ "A-ÚmXw' IqSn-bmb Imcy-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v. AXn\v ]Ým-¯-e-sam-cp-¡m-\mWv "imkv{X-k-b³kv hnj-b-§Ä' AhÀ NÀ¨-¡-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-I. Cu I]S _p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsS apJ-¯p-t\m¡n \n§Ä¡p sh«n-Xp-d-¶p-]-d-bm³ Ign-bWw; Imcy-§Ä kXy-k-Ô-ambn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡-W-sa-¶v, imkv{Xs¯ imkv{Xn-b-ambn kao-]n-¡-W-sa-¶v, Adn-hn-Ãm-¯-Im-cy-§Ä Adn-bm-sa¶p \Sn-¡p-¶Xpw sXän-²m-cW P\n-¸n-¡p-¶Xpw kz´w {]Øm-\-¯n\v am{X-aà AhÀ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp¶ aX-¯n\pw \mW-t¡-Sp-h-cp-¯n-¯oÀ¡p-sa¶v. kXy-t¯mSv Iqdp-]p-eÀ¯m³ X¿m-dp-Å, Im]-Sy-¯n-s\-Xnsc s]mcp-Xm³ k¶-²-X-bpÅ [oc-·mÀ hfÀ¶p hc-s«.
      {]]© LS-\-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kn²m-´-§-fn GsX-¦n-ep-sam¶v bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ A´n-a-hn-izmk {]am-W-ambn AwKo-I-cn-¡m-¯-Xn-em-WtÃm \½psS s{]m^-kÀ¡v IpWvTnXw? X§-fpsS {]Øm-\-¯nsâ Xs¶ hàm-hmb tUm.-D-kvam³ Cu hnj-b-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Fgp-Xn-b-sX-¦nepw At±lw {i²n-t¡WvSXm-bn-cp-¶p:
      ""{]]-©-s¯-¸än ]e-X-c-¯n-epÅ kn²m-´-§fpw imkv{Xw apt¶m-«p-sh-¨n-«pWvsS¦nepw Ah-sbÃmw hf-sc-b-[nIw `mh-\m-]-c-§-fm-Wv. hnkvt^m-S\ kn²m-´hpw hnImk kt¦m-P-kn-²m-´hpw aäp ]e-Xcw kn²m-´-§fpw kn²m-´Ä am{X-am-Wv. sXfn-bn-¡-s¸« hkvXp-X-I-fà (6)
      AhÀ Xs¶ Aimkv{Xob-sa¶p XÅn-¡-fª Cu kn²m-´-§-fpsS t]cn-emWv \½psS s{]m^-kÀ bpàn-hm-Zn-I-tfm-Sp- bp²w sN¿p-¶-Xv. tUm.-D-kvam³ k¦Â¸-krjvSw F¶p XÅn-¡-fª kn²m-´-§Ä Ct±lw D¶-bn-¡p-¶XpXs¶ Hcp D]-tZ-i-¯nsâ \mb-I-Xz-¯n-em-Wv.
      ""\n§Ä imkv{Xw ]Tn-¡Ww imkv{X-¯nsâ ]pXnb IWv Sp]n-Sp-¯-§tfmsSm¸w Nph-sSm-¸n¨p \o§m³ ]Tn-¡-Ww.... (7)
      Ønc-{]-]-©-kn-²m´ (sÌ-Unkv ssää Xnb-dn) hpw apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ¡v B\p-Iq-ey-sam¶pw \ÂIp-¶n-Ã. Cu kn²m´w ]d-bp-¶Xv {]]©w F¶pw GXmWvSntX- t]mse Xs¶ Bbn-cp-s¶-¶m-Wv. A§n-§mbn FÃm-bn-S¯pw {Zhyw kZm krjvSn-¡-s¸-«p -sImWvSncn-¡p-s¶¶pw CXpWvSm¡p¶ "aÀ± hÀ²-\hv' BWv hnIm-k-¯n\p Imc-W-sa-¶p-amWv kn²m-´n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.
      Cu Xnbdn apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ¡v Xosc AwKo-I-cn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. AXp Ime-l-c-W-s¸-«-Xm-sW¶v s{]m^-kÀ Al-½Zv Ip«n kmln_v Xs¶ NqWv Sn¡m-«p-¶p. bpàn-hm-Zn-Isf sNWvSsIm-«n-¡m-s\m-cp§n At±lw XIÀ¯p sNWvSsIm-«p-¶Xp ImWm³ \à Xam-i-bpWvSv.
      ""At¸mÄ _oKv_mwKv Xnb-dn-bn-epWvSmb Hcp krjvSn-¸ns\ \n§Ä¡p hniz-kn-¡m³ km[y-a-Ã. AtX- k-abw sÌUn-tÌäv kn²m-´-¯nse At\Iw tImSn krjvSn-¸p-IÄ \n§Ä¡p hniz-kn-¡mw. ]S-t]-Sn-¨v............'' (9)
      Cu kn²m-´-sa-§m³ icn-bm-sW-¶p- h-¶mtem?  s{]m^-k-dpsS taf-a-\p-k-cn¨v Hcp krjvSn-¸n\v Hcp {kjvSmhv; At\Iw tImSn krjvSn-¸p-IÄ¡v At\Iw tImSn  {kjvSm¡Ä! ssiJp-am-cp-sSbpw Huen-bm-¡-fp-sSbpw ap¸-¯p-ap-t¡mSn ssZh-§-fp-sSbpw Hs¡- ]-S-t]-Sn¨v aph-lvln-Zp-I-fmb aZ-\n-IÄ¡pw kpÃ-an-IÄ¡pw aäpw A\-´-tImSn AÃm-lp-am-cpsS ]´w-sIm-fp-¯n-¸S IWvSv hncWvtSmtSWvSnhcpw. F{X-tImSn AÃm-lp-amÀ tNÀ¶mWv A\p-kyqXw ]ZmÀ°-krjvSn \S-¯n-s¡mWvSncn¡pI? Xuln-Zo\v ]pXnb `mjyw Na-t¡Wv Snh-cp-sa¶ {]bmkw IW-¡n-se-Sp-¯mIpw apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ Cu kn²m´w XÅn-¡-f-bp-¶-Xv.
      Ipi-h³ Ie-apWvSm¡p-¶p. Bimcn taibpWvSm¡p-¶p. tamt«mÀ Imdp-IÄ¡p-thWvS b{´-`m-K-§Ä ^mIvSdn sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ \nÀ½n-¡p-¶p. {]]-©-¯n A\p-kyqXw \S-¡p¶ A\-´-tImSn \nÀ½mW {]{In-b-IÄs¡Ãmw ]nd-In hyXy-Ø-cmb A\-´-tImSn {kjvSm-¡sf apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ k¦Â¸n-¡ptam?
      krjvSn-¸nsâ Dt±-iy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v apPm-lnZv t\Xr-Xz- -¯nse _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡v am{X-ambn AÃmlp t\cn«v hà hyà-amb ktµ-ihpw \ÂIn-bn-«pWvtSm?
kqN-\-IÄ:
1.     t]Pv 77,78 "aXhpw imkv{Xhpw'    (ap¼p kqNn-¸n-¨n-«pWvS -­v ).
2.    Page 435, 'An Introduction to philosophical Analysis' by John Hospers: Allied Publishers Private Ltd, 1985 (Indian Repeint)
3.    t]Pv 69 "aXhpw imkv{Xhpw' (ap¼v kqNn-¸n-¨n-«pWvS -­v­v)
4.    Anotny Flew, Page 341 ' Philosophical And Religious Issues; Classical and Contemporary Statements'. Dickenson Publishing Company, Inc, Enaro California. 1971
5.    t]Pv 35, "\mw Pohn-¡p¶ temIw' tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-¯v, Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw, 1985 .
6.    t]Pv 17 "aXhpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw' XncqÀ¡mSv 1982. Cu {KÙ-Imcsâ Xs¶ imkv{X-t_m[w AXy´w Kpcp-X-c-am-sW¶v hni-Z-amb ]cn-tim-[-\-bn t_m[y-am-Ipw. kqNn-¸n-¡-s¸« ]pkvXIw Hcm-hÀ¯n-hm-bn-¨m¯s¶ GI-tZ-i-cq]w In«pw.
7.    ASn-¡p-dn¸v (3), AtX D²-c-Wn.
8.    t]Pv 35, "\mw Pohn-¡p¶ temIw' (ap¼p kqNn-¸n-¨n--«pWvS -­v-­v)
9.    ASn-¡p-dn¸v (3) AtX D²-c-Wn.
*     lZo-kpIsf B{i-bn-¡msX IpÀ-B³ a\-Ên-em-¡pI {]bm-k-am-Wv.     
         


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. CÉmw aX {]N-c-Whpw


imkv{X-t_m-[hpw

  
      tIc-f-¯nse `uXnI {]Øm-\-§Ä aX-hn-izm-k-¯nsâ s\Sp-t¦m-«-I-fn GÂ]n¨p sIm­n-cn-¡p¶ I\¯ BLm-X-§Ä¡p ap¼n ssIbn In«n-b-sX-Ãm-sa-Sp¯v ]-b-äm-\pÅ sh¼-en-emWv apÉow aX-kw-L-S-\-IÄ.  anX-`m-jn-Ifpw kwkvIr-X-Nn-¯-cp-amb bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS adp-]-Sn-IÄ ChÀ a\-Ên-em-¡mt\ {ian-¡p-¶nà F¶mWv C¡q-«-cpsS {]N-c-W-§-fn \n¶pw {]hÀ¯\ ssien-I-fn \n¶pw t_m²y-am-Ip-¶-Xv. CÉm-anse krjvSn IY-Ifpw aäp ]pcm-W-§fpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡m³ am{X-a-Ã, a{´n-¨qXn \miw hcp-¯p¶ iàn-Isf `b¶v AÃm-lp-hn A`bw {]m]n-¡m³ IqSn D]-tZ-in-¡m³ IS-s¸« Cu "Iq«¯nÂ' `nj-Kz-c³amÀ t]mep-apWvsS¶dn-bp-¶Xv ckm-h-l-atÃ?
     X§Ä¡p kw`-hn¨p sImWvSncn-¡p¶ inYn-eo-I-c-W-¯nsâ thKX Ipd-bv¡m³ ap³ Iayq-Wn-Ìp-I-sfbpw "ap³\n-co-iz-c-hm-Zn-'I-sfbpw aäpw t\Xr-Øm-\-¯p-Xs¶ Ah-tcm-[n-t¡­WvS  KXn-tI-Sn-em-W-hÀ. \nco-iz-c³amÀ F¶p kzbw {]Jym-]n-¨n-cp-¶-hcpw ]WvSv bpàn-hm-Z-¯nsâ At§-¯-e-hsc t]mbn Xncn-s¨-¯n-b-h-sc¶v C¶v hockyw apg-¡p-¶-hcpw AXyp-¶-X-Øm-\-§-fn hncm-Pn-¡m³ tbmKy-cmbn kzmKXw sN¿-s¸-Spw.
     Hcp lwk amÌÀ kÂk-_o amkn-I-bn Fgp-Xnb teJ-\s¯ B[m-c-am¡n sI.-D-aÀau-ehn \S-¯nb Hcp shÃp-hn-fn-bpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-sa¶ \ne-bn Fw.-kn.-tPm-k-^pw, ]n.-kn.-I-S-epWvSnbpw aäp-ambn tUmIvSÀ Dkvam³ \S-¯nb Hcp kwhmZw Hcp ]pkvX-I-am¡n henb DÕm-l-t¯msS aq¶n-tesd ]Xn-¸p-IÄ apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ ]pd-¯n-d¡n bpàn-hm-Z-¯n-s\-Xnsc Hcp Pnlm-Zn-\n-d-§p-Ibpw DWvS  ­m-bn.
     bpànhmZ-¯nsâ At§ Aäw hsc t]mbn, AXnsâ s]mÅ-¯-chpw A]-I-Shpw A\p-`-hn-¨-dnªv aS-§n-h¶ \½psS _lp-am\y ktlm-Z-c³ Fs¶ms¡-bmWv -A-hÀ ]pXnb IWvsS¯-ep-Isf hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-I. Ct±lw imkv{X kb³kv hnj-b-§-fn {]K-Û-\m-Wv F¶-XmWv DaÀau-ehn tUmIvSÀ Dkvams\¯s¶ sXc-sª-Sp-¡m-\pÅ Imc-W-as{X! (t]Pv þ 13 aX-hpw, bpàn-hm-Z-hpw, \memw-]-Xn¸v 1982 XncpÀ¡m-Sv)
     Hcp hniz-\m-Y-]n-Å-sb¶ alm "bpàn-hmZn' BZw- Jm-en-Zm-b-Xv, apPm-ln-Zp-I-fpsS ilm-Z-¯p- I-ena sNmÃn A[n-I-\mÄ Ignbpw ap¼p-Xs¶ IpÀ-Bsâ Aam-\p-jn-I-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. AXp-]-cn-tim-[n-¨p-sImWvS­v kJmhv bp.-I-em-\m-Y³ "CÉmw aXhpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw F¶ teJ\w {]kn-²o-I-cn-¨-Xv, aXm-enw-K-\-¯nsâ bYmÀ° t{]cIw IWvsS¯m³ {ian-¨-Xv. Gsd-¡-gnbpw ap¼v t{]cIw ]IÂt]mse hyà-am-b-Xv...............-FÃm {]mbw sN¶ Nne bpànhmZn-Isf¦nepw hyà-ambn HmÀ¡p-¶pWvSmhpw.
     AÃm-lp-hnsâ Imcyw Btem-Nn-¡p-t¼mÄ IjvSw tXm¶pw. h¡m-e¯v Gsä-Sp-¯-h-sc¶pw AXn\v H«pw {]m]vX-c-Ãm-¯-h-cm-bmWv ImW-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v P\m_v Dkvam³ kmln-_nsâ Hscmä hmZw am{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-¨m Xs¶ CXp hyà-am-Ipw. {]]-©-¯nsâ A\m-Zn-Xz-¯n-te¡v Cd-§n-s¨¶v Bcw-`-an-Ãm-¯-XmWv F¶p sXfn-bn-¡p-hm³ kb³kn\v km²y-a-Ã-s{X. (t]Pv 16, aXhpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw D]-cn-kq-Nn-Xw)
     {]]-©-¯nsâ "At§-Aäw' hsc t]mbn A\m-ZnXzw sXfn-bn-¡m³ {ian-¡p-I-sb-§n-s\-bmWv?
     ]ZmÀ°w A\m-Zn-b-sÃ-¦n Ime-¯nsâ GtXm Hcp Aä-¯p-\n¶v DÛ-hn-¨n-cn-¡-W-atÃm? \mw Imew kabw Fs¶Ãmw ]d-bp-¶-sX-´mWv? IpÀ-Bsâ `mj-bn Xs¶ tIÄ¡p-¶-Xmhpw apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ¡v Gsd ]°yw F¶-Xp-sImWvS ­v kqd-¯p _J-d-bn \ns¶mcp D²-cWn tNÀ¡mw:
     "N{µ-¡-e-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v AhÀ \nt¶mSv tNmZn-¡p-¶p. ]d-bpI: N{µ-¡-e-IÄ a\p-jyÀ¡p Ime-§Ä \nÀ®-bn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p¶ hkvXp-¡-fm-Ip¶p' (IpÀ-B³ 2:189)
     kqcy\pw N{µ\pw Hcp \nÝnX IW-¡-\p-k-cn¨v Nen¨psImWvSncn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v asämcp kqà-¯nepw ]d-bp-¶p. (55:5)
     Imew, kabw \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶Xv N{µ³, `qan, kqcy³ F¶nh-bpsS Ne-\-§-fn-eqsS amdn amdn hcp¶ Øm\-§-fp-ambpw Ah-bv¡p-Å-Xmbn \½psS ImgvN-bn tXm¶n-¡p¶ amä-§-fp-ambpw _Ô-s¸-«m-sW-¶tà CXp-hgn a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp-¶Xv?
     Ne-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯msX ka-b-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Hcp [mc-Wbpw DWvSm¡m³ Ign-bn-Ã. Ne-\-am-sW-¦ntem ]ZmÀ°-an-ÃmsX km²y-hp-a-Ã. Km-e-Ivkn-IÄ, tKmf-§Ä, D]-{K-l-§Ä, kqcysâ amäw sImWvS v \ng hyXymkw hcp-¯p-¶p-sh¶p tXm¶n-¡-¯¡ hn[-¯n Nen-¡p¶ `qan, LSn-Im-c-¯nsâ kqNn, _me³kv hoÂ, s]³Upew, AWp-I-¼\w C§s\ GXp-hn[w Btem-Nn-¨mepw kabw IW-¡m-¡m-\pÅ D]m-[n-IÄ hyXy-Ø-am-bn-cn-¡m-sa¶v ImWm-sa-¦nepw ]ZmÀ°anÃmsX, ]ZmÀ°w Nen-¡msX kabw IW-¡m-¡m³ km²y-a-söv hyà-am-hpw.
     F´mWo {]]©w F¶p hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv?
     `qan, kqcy³, N{µ³, s]³Up-ew, X³am{X F¶n-§-s\-bp-Å-sXÃmw {Zhy-¯nsâ cq]-§-ftÃ? {]]-©-sa-¶m {Zhyhpw AXp Nen-¨p-sImWvSncn-¡p¶  kvs]bnkpw AS-§n-b-Xm-Wv. Fhn-sS-sbÃmw {Zhyhpw AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Fs´-¦n-ep-apWvtSm Ahn-S-saÃmw {]]-©-¯nsâ `mK-hp-am-bn-cn-¡pw. {Zhy-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Fs´Ãmw DWvtSm AsXÃmw {]]-©-¯n DÄs¸-Sp-¶p. {]]-©-¯n-\p-]p-d¯v (?) Fs´-¦nepw DWvsS¶p Icp-Xm-\m-hptam? DWvsS¦n AXp-IqSn DÄs¸-Sp-¶-XmWv {]]-©w. {]]-©-¯n-\p-a-¸pdw F¶ [mc-W-bn FhnsS \n¶-t\z-jn-¨mepw hoWvSpw {]]-©-¯nsâ _m¡n-`mKw Xs¶ DWvSmhpw. F{X Aäw ImWm³ {ian-¨mepw km²y-a-Ãm¯ hn[w A\-´-amWv {]]-©w.
     A\m-Zn-b-söv sXfn-bn-¡m³ I¨-sI«n At§-b-ä-s¯-¯n-sb¶v hmZ-¯n-\p-thWvSn Icp-Xp-I. F¯n-tb-S-¯p-\n¶v sXm«-¸p-d-s¯-´m-bn-cn¡pw? CÉm-anI In¯m-_p-IÄ ASn-Øm-\-am¡n ]d-ªm shÅ-am-bn-cn-¡pw. BZn-bn AÃmlp am{Xta DWvSmbn-cp-¶p-Åp-sh¶pw AÃm-lp-hnsâ knwlm-k\w shÅ-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶pw ]n¶oSv `qanbpw BIm-i-§fpw krjvSn-¨p-sh¶pw aäpw hniz-kn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v IS apdn-¨p-I-S-s¶-¯m-hp¶ h³I-c-IÄ¡-¸pdw Pew am{X-am-sW¶pw BIm-ihpw Pehpw X½n kÔn-¡p-¶nSw {]]-©-¯nsâ AXn-cp-I-fm-sW¶pw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡m-hp¶ Pmln-eo¿m Ime-L-«-¯nse Atd-_y-bnse `qan-imkv{X JtKm-f-imkv{X [mc-W-I-tfmSv tXmfp-cp½n \nÂt¡WvSnh-cpw. \mw At\z-jn-¨-t\z-jn¨v FhnsS F¯n-bmepw AXn\v sXm«v A¸pdw hoWvSpw {]]-©-apWvSmhpw AXn-cn-Ãm-sX, Aä-an-ÃmsX A\´ hnkvXr-X-am-bn-¡n-S-¡p¶ Hcp {]]-©-s¯-¡p-dn¨v NÀ¨-sN-¿mt\ X¿m-dm-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv A§s\ A\m-Znbpw A\-´hpw Bb Hcp {]]-©-amWv hmkvX-h-¯n Chn-sS-bpÅ {Zhy-{]-]-©-sa¶v AwKo-I-cn¨p Ign-ªm ]ns¶ AXn\v Hcp km¦Â]nI {kmjvSm-hns\ tXSn-¸n-Sn¨v hen-¨n-g¨v sImWvSph-tcWvS bmsXm-cm-h-iy-hp-an-söv apÉow-IÄ¡v Adn-bm-hp-¶-Xp-sImWv Sv Xs¶-bm-Wv. Xm³ Pohn-¡p¶ Cu {]]-©s¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ a\p-jy-cmin Ct¶mfw \S-¯n-bn-«pÅ {ia-§-fn \n¶v Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ kn²m-´-§-sf¡msfÃmw ChÀ¡v AwKo-I-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-bn-t¯m-¶p-¶-Xv, hniz-kn-¡m³ sImÅm-hp-¶-h-bm-bn-t¯m-¶p-¶-Xvv, NÀ¨-bn Bcw-`-_n-µp-hm-sb-Sp-t¡WvSXmbn tXm¶p-¶-Xv ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS ]g-¦-Y-I-fnse krjvSn ØnXn kwlm-c-I-\mb AÃm-lp-sh¶ k¦Â]-amWv! {]]©s¯¡p-dn-¨p-Xs¶ ]qÀ®-ambn hnh-c-an-Ãm¯ \mw AXnsâ {kmjvSm-hn-s\-¡p-dn-s¨-\n-¡-dnbmw F¶ \mSy-¯n B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-hsc Kuc-h-ambn IW-¡n-se-Sp-t¡WvSXn-söp tXm¶p-¶p.
     F´m-bmepw {Zhy-apWvsS¶p \ap-¡-dn-bmw. AtX-¡p-dn-s¨mcp Nn´ A\m-Zn-bm-sbmcp {]]-©-¯n-\-¸pdw Hcp {kmjvSm-hns\ krjvSn¨p-sImWvSh-cp-¶pWvsS¦n kzbw sshcp-²y-¯n-se-¯n-t¨-cp-¶p-sht¶ a\-Ên-em-t¡WvSXp-Åq. {]]©w FÃm-Im-e¯pw \ne-hn-epWvSmbn-cp¶p sh¶v AwKo-I-cn-¡m³ ChÀ¡p h¿. F¶m AXn\v Hcp {kjvSm-hns\ k¦Â]n¨v B  {kjvSmhv FÃm-Im-e¯pw ChnsSbpWvSmbn-cp-¶p-sh¶v AÔ-ambn hniz-kn-¡mw. F¶n«v X§Ä Xpd-¶p-Im-«-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ CXv Nne bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fp-tStbm amÀIvkn-Ìp-I-fp-sStbm Ipcp«p _p²n-bm-sW¶v hcp-¯n-¯oÀ¡m³ Hcp {iahpw! At±lw ]d-bp-¶Xv ImWp-I :
     "{kjvSm-hmb ssZhs¯ \ntj-[n-¡m³ ]ZmÀ°-¯n\v A\-iz-c-Xbpw A\m-Zn-Xzhpw Btcm-]n-¡msX \nhr-¯n-bnà]ZmÀ°w GsX-¦nepsamcp-L-«-¯n DWvSmb-Xm-sW-¦n AXns\ DWvSm-¡n-b-Xm-cmWv F¶ tNmZyw DÛ-hn¡pw AXv DWvSmb-Xà Fs¶¶pw DWvSmbn-cp-¶-XmWv F¶p-h-¶m ]ns¶ DWvSm¡nb {kjvSm-hnsâ {]iv\-an-ÃtÃm!'. (t]Pv 6 amÀIvkn-khpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw CÉmapw F¶ t]cn 28þ7þ84 se N{µnI hcm-´-¸-Xn-¸n Fgp-Xnb teJ\w)
     tUmIvSÀ Dkvam³ kmln-_nsâ A\p-hm-N-IÀ {i²m-]qÀÆw ]cn-tim-[n-t¡WvS Hcp Imcy-apWv Sv. Hcp L«-¯nepw "DWvSmb-X--Ãm¯'Xpw Fs¶¶pw DWvSmbn-cp-¶-Xp-am-WtÃm ]ZmÀ°w?. At±lw ]d-bp-¶Xv GsX-¦nepw Hcp L«-¯n DWvSmb-Xm-sW-¦n AXns\ DWvSm¡n-b-Xm-cmWv F¶ tNmZyw DÛ-hn-¡p-sa-¶mWv. GXp L«-¯n-em-Wmthm DWvSmbXv? Bsc-¦nepw DWvSm¡msX H¶pw DWvSmhnà F¶  ap³[m-c-W-bn \n¶mWv C¯cw bpàym-`m-k-§Ä Dd-sh-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv. ]ZmÀ°-¯n\v kzbw DWvSmbn-¡q-sS¶pw AÃm-lpsh \ymbo-I-cn-¡-W-sa-¦n AÃmlp kzbw DWvSmb-Xm-sW¶v AÃm-lp-hnsâ \nÀÆ-N-\-¯n Iq«n-t¨À¡-W-sa-¶p-apÅ Hcp ØnXn hntijw h¶p-tN-cp-¶p. hmZw Bcw-`n-¨Xv Hcp {kjvSm-hn-ÃmsX H¶pw DWvSmIn-sö {]kvXm-h--¯n \n¶m-sW-¦nepw apPm-lnZv t\Xmhv AXn\v t\sc hn]-co-X-amb Hcp kn²m´w AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ KXn-tI-Sn-se-¯n-t¨-cp-¶p.
     "]ZmÀ°w Hcn-¡epw iq\y-X-bmbn ]cn-W-an-¡p-I-tbm, iq\y-X-bn \n¶v DbnÀs¡m-Åp-Itbm sN¿p-I-bnà F¶v imkv{Xw kzoI-cn-¨mepw Ah cWvSpw km²y-a-Ãm¯ Imcy-§-fm-sW¶v hcp-¶n-Ã. a\p-jyÀ¡v AXn\v km²y-aà Ft¶ hcp-¶p-Åp.'     (t]Pv 6 N{µnI hmcm-´-¸-Xn-¸v, 28þ7þ84)
     imkv{Xw kzoI-cn-¨mepw "A§p-Ån-teXpw {]km-Z-ansÃ'¶XmWv ØnXn. C\n AÃm-lp-hnsâ `mj-bn C¡q-«-tcmSv kwkm-cn-¡pI am{Xta hgn-bp-Åq. iq\y-X-bn \n¶v AÃmlp {]]© krjvSn-\-S-¯p-t¼mÄ km£yw hln-¨p-sImWvSv NneÀ ssIbpw sI«n \n¡p¶ cwKw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p k¦Â]n-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶nÃ; tkmdn.
     imkv{Xw F´p-Xs¶ ]d-ªm-epw, XÀ¡-im-kv{X-¯nse FÃm \nb-a-§fpw Imän ]d-¯n-bmepw kXy-k-Ô-X-bp-sSbpw {]Xn-]£ _lp-am-\-¯n-sâbpw koa-I-sfÃmw ewLn-t¡WvSnh-¶mepw F´p-hne sImSp¯pw ssZh-sa¶ bpàn-c-ln-X-amb k¦Â]w \ne-\nÀ¯p-sa¶v hmin-]n-Sn-¡p¶ apPm-lnZv  t\Xr-Xzs¯ am{Xw t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¯m-\p-X-Ip¶ Hcp XÀ¡-co-Xn-bmWv  N{µnI hcm-´-¸-Xn-¸nse XpS-cm³ teJ-\-§-fnepw kÂk-_o adp-]-Sn-I-fnepw ImWm³ Ign-ª-Xv.
     a\p-jyÀ H¶pw krjvSn-¨n-«n-Ã. ssZh-s¯-t¸mepw a\p-jyÀ k¦Â]n-¡p-I-b-ÃmsX krjvSn-¨n-«n-Ã. iq\y-X-bn \n¶v "AÃmlp' hnNm-cn-¨mepw krjvSn km²y-hp-a-Ã. ssZh-k-¦Â]w t]mse asämcp bpàym-`mkw IqSn ssZh-kr-jvSn-I-Y-tbm-sSm¸w ChÀ¡m-h-iy-ambn hcp¶p ip²-iq-\y-X-sb¶ k¦Â]w. ssZh-hn-izm-kn-IÄ ssZhw "kzbw`q' hmsW¶v hmZn-¡p-t¼mÄ A§-s\-sb-¦n ]ZmÀ°-¯n\v AYhm {]]-©-¯n\v Xs¶ F´p -sImWvS­v kzbw`qhm-bn-Iq-Sm?  F¶p bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Xncn¨pw tNmZn-¡pw. Cu tNmZy-¯n-\p-t]mepw hyà-ambn adp-]Sn ]d-bm-\m-hmsX AÃmlp ip²-iq-\y-X-bn \n¶v {]]-©s¯ krjvSn¨p F¶p shdpsX hmZn-bv¡pw. AÃmlp DWvSmbn-cn-¡p-Ibpw asäm-¶p-an-Ãm-Xn-cn-bv¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mÄ F§n-s\-bmWv iq\y-X-bpWvSmhpI? iq\y-X-sb¶v hnti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-t¶-S-s¯Ãmw AÃmlp \ndªp \n¡p-I-bm-hntÃ? Cu hmZn-IÄ¡v HSp¡w AÃmlp ]cn-W-an¨v {]]-©-am-b-Xm-sW¶p ]d-tbWvS Hcp KXn-tISv kwPm-X-am-hpw. iq\y-X-sb¶ k¦Â]w Xs¶ ]ZmÀ°-¯nsâ km¶n-²y-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯msX km²y-aà F¶n-cns¡ iq\yX am{X-apÅ Hcp ØnXn-sb-¡p-dn¨v k¦Â]n-¡m-\m-hp-¶-sX-§s\?
     FÃm A\m-h-iy-Im-cy-§-fnepw CS-s]-Sp¶ Hcp AÃm-lp-sh-¡p-dn¨v IÂ]n-X-I-Y-IÄ {]N-cn-¸n-¡m³ Chsc {]m]vX-cm-¡p¶ hn[w Nph-Sp-d-¸n-¨p-\n¡p¶ `uXn-I-]-ZmÀ°-§-fpsS Cu `qanbpw `qan-bn-se-¦nepw Poh³ \ne-\nÀ¯m³ klm-bn¡pw hn[w kqcy\pw ]ns¶ cm¡-Y-IÄ¡v DuSpw ]mhpw s\¿m³ ]{µ\pw \£-{X-§fpw £oc-]-Y-§fpw FÃm-sa-Ãm-an-hn-sS-bpWvSv. `uXnI ]ZmÀ°w \ntj-[n-¡m-\m-hm¯ hkvXp \njvT bmYmÀ°y-am-sW¶v AwKo-I-cn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. `uXnI {]]-©-¯n-\-¸pdw Hcp AÃmlp F¶ k¦Â]w Abp-àn-I-am-sW¶v Ahsc t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-ªm t]mepw AhÀ ]d-bpI "\n§Ä ]ZmÀ°s¯ ssZh-ambn Bcm-[n-¡p¶p' F¶p am{X-amWv! sXfn-hp-Itfm \ymb-hm-Z-§tfm _p²n-]-c-amb kwhm-Ztam ChÀ¡v {]iv\-a-Ã. AÃm-lp-hns\¡pdn¨v C¡q-«À sI«n-¸-S-¨pWvSm¡p¶ \nÀÆ-N-\hpw ]ecpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p¶ tI«p-tIÄhn-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn-¡m³  Ign-bm-¯-h-scÃmw KÀÆn-jvT³amcpw Al-¦m-cn-I-fp-ambpw I®pWvSmbn«pw ImgvN-bn-Ãm-¯-h-cmbpw ImXpWvSmbn«pw tIÄhn-bn-Ãm-¯-h-cmbpw aäpw aäp-ambn IpÀ-B-\nse ssien-bn A[n-t£-]n-¡-s¸-Spw. CXn-s\Ãmw AhÀ¡v Hscmä B[m-c-ta-bp-Åq. Hcp {KÙw. Znhy-am-W-sX¶v AXnsâ Xs¶ kqà-§Ä D²-cn-¨p-sImWvSv  Ah-À \s½ t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ {ian-¡p-¶p. AXv kXy-k-Ô-amb hN-\-§-fm-sW¶pw AÃm-lp-hn \n¶pw Cd-¡-s¸-«-Xm-sW¶pw sXfn-bn-¡m³ B {KÙ-¯nsâ Xs¶ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§Ä Xs¶-bmWv AhÀ \nc-¯p-I.
     hymP {]kvXmhw Btcm-]n-¡-s¸« Hcp tIkv kw_-Ôn¨ \ymb hnNm-cW H¶p k¦Â]n-¨p t\m¡q. {]Xn-bpsS Xs¶ samgn-IÄ am{Xta {]k-à-ambn IW-¡m-t¡WvSXp-Åp-sh¶v Hcp h¡o hmZn-¡p-¶p. "kXyta ]dbq F¶pw kXy-a-ÃmsX asäm¶pw ]d-bp-I-bn-söpw BZyta {]XnÚ sNbvXn-«pWvsS¶pw B {]-Xn-Ú¡p tijw Xsâ \nc-]-cm-[nXzw AbmÄ hyà-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-cns¡ AbmÄs¡-Xn-cmbn D¶-bn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ sXfn-hp-I-sfÃmw hymPm-tcm-]-W-§-fm-bn-cn-¡m-\mWv km²y-X-sb¶pw AXn-\m Abmsf \ymbm-[n] Øm\-¯p-Xs¶ Ccn-¡m³ A\p-h-Zn-¡-W-sa¶pw AXn-¶-bmÄ kÀÆYm tbmKy-\m-sW¶pw IqSn CtX h¡o hmZn-¡p-¶p. ]cn-lm-ky-amb \ne-]m-Sn-emWv IpÀ-Bsâ hàm-¡Ä F¶p ]d-tbWvSnh-cp-¶Xv A§s\ ]d-bn-¸nt¨ AS§p F¶ Nne-cpsS hmin H¶p am{Xw Imc-W-amWv kplr-¯p-¡-sf.
     tUm. -Fw.-D-kvam³ kmln-_n-tâ-Xmbn "AÃmlp' F¶ t]cn Hcp eLp-teJ bphX _p¡v lukv (tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv) {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶pWvS-­v. 2007 emWv CXnsâ aq¶mw FUn-j³ {]kn-²o-I-cn-¨-Xv. Ub-d-IvS-dpsS {]km-[-I-¡p-dn¸v hyà-am-¡p-¶Xv Cu teJ-\-¯nsâ XpS-¡-¯n ]d-ªXp t]mse bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ F´mWp ]d-bp-¶-sX¶v ChÀ a\-Ên-em-¡mt\ {ian-¡p-¶nà F¶m-Wv. bpàn-hm-Zn-Isf t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp¶ H¶pw Xs¶ Cu eLp-te-J-bn CÃ. F¶m Polm-Zn-I-fpsS AÔm-fn¸pw Bi-b-¡p-g-¸hpw ASp-¯-dn-bm³ CXp klm-bn-¡pw. {]km-[-I- ¡p-dn¸v ]d-bp¶p: ""AÔ hnizm-kn-IÄ ImWp-¶-sXms¡ ssZh-ambn IcpXn X§-fpsS AÚ-X-bpsS `mc-¯nÂ\n¶v c£-s¸-Sm³ {ian-¡p-¶p. bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fm-I-s«, _p²n D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw Nn´n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-sb¶ al-¯m-bXpw `mc-ap-Å-Xp-amb D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzs¯ `b-s¸«v \ntj-[-¯n A`bw tXSp-¶p.''
     temI-s¯m-cn-S¯pw bpàn-hm-Zn-Isf¡pdn¨v Hcmfpw ]d-bm¯ Hcp Imcy-amWv Cu _p²n-am³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ XnSp-¡-¯n teJ-\-¯n-se-´mWv A¨-Sn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-sX¶v t]mepw [mcWbnÃm-sX-bmIpw CsX-gp-Xn-b-Xv. tUm: Dkvam³ ]d-bp¶p: ""........-A-h³ Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xns\ iq\y-X-bn \n¶v Ahsâ IÂ]\ sImWvS­v DÛq-X-am-¡m-\pÅ A]m-chpw \nkvXp-e-hp-amb Ign-hn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb Ahsâ k¯sb `mh-\-bn sIm­WvSp -h-cm³ t]mepw km[y-a-Ã. Ahsâ ZrjvSm-´-§-fn IqSn Ahs\ a\-Ên-em-¡mw. Ahsâ k¯-sb-¸än Nn´n¨v Ahs\ cq]-s¸-Sp-¯pI Akm-[y-am-Wv. AXv AÔm-fn-¸nte F¯n-¡p-I-bp-Åp.''(t]-Pv. 10)
     bph -Pn-lm-Zn-IÄ AÔm-fn¸v Hgn-hm-¡m³ IpÀ-B-\nepw tUmIvSÀ Dkvam³ kmln-_nsâ Ah-X-c-W-¯nepw A`bw {]m]n-¡p-¶-Xn bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v AÛp-X-an-Ã. AsÃ-¦nepw \a-kv¡mcw, Zn¡vdv, ZpB, Jndm-A¯v XpS-§nb BhÀ¯\ hnc-k-X-I-fn e`y-amb ]cn-anX kabw ]mgm-¡n-¡-f-bp-¶-hÀ¡v ]pXnb Imcy-§Ä ]Tn-¡mt\m ]Tn¨ Imcy-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v kz´-ambn [mc-W-IÄ cq]-s¸-Sp-¯mt\m ka-bhpw Ah-k-chpw D­WvSm-In-Ã. bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS hmZ-K-Xn-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v Nn´n-¡m³ Bcw-`n-¡p-t¼m-sg, `mchpw `bhpw A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh-¦n A¯cw A\p-`-h-§-sfm¶pw bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fn Btcm-]n-t¡WvSXn-Ã. \c-Is¯ bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ `b-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. kz´w bpàn-t_m[w \ho-\-amb Bi-b-§-fn {]tbm-Kn¨v temI-hn-Úm-\-cm-in-bn apX¡q-«pWvS-­m-¡p¶ {]Xn-`m-im-en-IÄ bpàn-hm-Zn-Isf AÔm-fn-¸n-te-¡Ã DÕm-l-¯n-te-¡pw, Blvfm-Z-¯n-te-¡pw, kmÀ°-I-amb Pohn-X-¯n-te-¡p-amWv Dt¯-Pn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. `bhpw \ncm-ibpw bph- Po-lm-Zn-Isf Bbp-[-¯nsâ kwkv¡m-c-¯n-te¡p Xncn-t¨m-Sn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ Ch-cp-ambn \nc-´c k¼À¡-¯n-teÀs¸-S-W-sa¶v am\-hn-I-Xm-hm-Zn-Isf HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
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